Question Discussion & Solution

Concept:-

• Plants have diverse varieties.
• There are more than 3 lakh plants species that have already been found in the world.
• Plants are beneficial in human life they give food, shelter and fulfil many other needs of various organisms.

Explanation:-

Bryophytes:

• Bryophytes are often referred to as the amphibians of the plant kingdom.
• Bryophytes are small, non-vascular plants.
• The reproduction of Bryophytes is via spores.
• Bryophytes are live in the soil, even though they need water for sexual reproduction this is the reason why the Bryophytes are often referred to as the amphibians of the plant kingdom.
• Bryophytes are generally classified into three coordinate phyla namely the liverworts, hornworts, and mosses.
• The following division, bryophytes, were the first land occupying or inhabiting plants.
• They fill in sodden or damp regions since they require water for fertilization.
• Consequently, they are called the creatures of land and water of the plant kingdom or the amphibians of the plant kingdom.

Thus, the first plants to inhabit the land are Bryophytes.

Additional Information 

Kingdom plants are divided into five groups- Thallophytes, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms.

Thallophyta

• The plant body is not differentiated from roots, stems, and leaves.
• They are commonly called algae.

Bryophyta

• These are small terrestrial plants.
• They show differentiation in the body design, with stem, leaf-like structures, and root-like structures.

Pteridophyta

• The plant body is differentiated into roots, stems, and leaves, apart from having a specialized tissue for conduction.

Gymnosperms

• Gymnosperms are plants with naked seeds.

Angiosperms

• Angiosperms are seed-bearing plants. Seeds develop inside tissues that get modified to form the fruit of the plant. 

The correct answer is Jaisalmer and Bikaner.

Key Points
Tropical Thorn Forest:

• These forests are found in Jaisalmer, Bikaner and Barmer.
• It comprises 6.25% of the forest in Rajasthan. 
• Rainfall varies from 0 to 25 cm. It is scanty in nature.
• Xerophytic vegetation is found in this forest. 
• Khejri, Rohida, and Jaal are prominent trees present in the Forest.

Additional Information

The correct answer is the Graphical User Interface.

Important Points

• Graphical User Interface (GUI) 
  • The graphical user interface is used by most of the commercially popular computer operating systems.
  • A Graphical User Interface (GUI) allows you to enter commands by pointing and clicking at objects that appear on the screen.
  • It consists of picture-like items (eg. icons and arrows).
  • In most operating systems, the primary user interface is graphical.

Key Points

• Some popular, modern graphical user interface examples include:
  • Microsoft Windows,
  • macOS, Ubuntu Unity,
  • GNOME Shell for desktop environments, and
  • Android,
  • Apple's iOS,
  • BlackBerry OS,
  • Windows 10 Mobile,
  • Palm OS-WebOS, and
  • Firefox OS for smartphones.​

Eureka:

• Constantan is a Nickel-Copper alloy also known as Eureka.
• It usually consists of 55% copper and 45% nickel.
• Its main feature is the low thermal variation of its resistivity, which is constant over a wide range of temperatures
• Constantan is a Nickel-Copper-based alloy wire that has a high resistivity and is mainly used for thermocouples and electrical resistance heating.
• It has a constant resistivity over a wide range of temperatures.
   

Composition:

• Ni = 45 %
• Cu = 55 %
   

Properties of Eureka:

• Resistivity - 490 µΩ -cm
• Melting point: 1300 ⁰C
• Specific gravity: 8.9 gm /cm³
• Negligible temperature Coefficient
• Easily ductile
• Resistant to atmospheric corrosion
• Can be easily soldered and moulded
   

Application:

• It is used for the measurement of temperature.
• It is used for the formation of thermocouple, along with the wires of other metals such as copper, iron, and chromium.
• It is especially used for resistance purposes since its resistance does not change much with the change in its temperature. It is used for DC current shunts. 

Concept:

System modelling is the process of developing abstract models of a system and each model presenting a different view or perspective of that system. 

Explanation:

Concept that has to be considered while modelling a new system are:

Abstraction: at highest level of abstraction, a solution is stated in broad terms while at the lowest level of abstraction a more detailed solution is provided.

Modularity: it is the single attribute of the software that allows a program to be individually manageable.

Information hiding in this algorithms and data contained within a module are inaccessible to to other modules.

Some other factors that are considered are: architecture, pattern, functional independence, refinement, refinement.