Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Payal Jangid.

• Payal Jangid has been awarded the 'Changemaker Award' by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for the year 2019.

Key Points

• Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation:
  • Founded by Bill Gates and his wife Melinda Gates this organization help people lead healthy, productive lives.
  • In developing countries, the organization focuses on improving people's health and providing them with the chance to lift themselves out of hunger and extreme poverty.
  • Its headquarters is in Washington, USA.
  • Payal Jangid was awarded the 'Changemaker Award'  at Goalkeepers Global Goals Awards 2019.
    • She was awarded for her work towards the abolition of child marriage in her village.
  • Her mentors were Nobel Peace Laureate Kailash Satyarthi and child rights activist Sumedha Kailash.
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi was honoured with the Global Goalkeeper award of 2019.

Additional Information

• Apurvi Singh Chandela is a shooting player and competes in 10m rifle events.

OSI Model

• OSI stands for Open System Interconnection is a reference model that describes how information from a software application in one computer moves through a physical medium to the software application in another computer.
• OSI consists of seven layers, and each layer performs a particular network function.
• OSI model was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1984, and it is now considered as an architectural model for inter-computer communications.

There are seven OSI layers. Each layer has different functions. A list of seven layers are given below:

1) Physical Layer: 

• The main functionality of the physical layer is to transmit the individual bits from one node to another node.
• It is the lowest layer of the OSI model.

2) Data-Link Layer: 

• This layer is responsible for the error-free transfer of data frames.
• It defines the format of the data on the network.
• It provides reliable and efficient communication between two or more devices.

3) Network Layer: 

• It is a layer 3 that manages device addressing, tracks the location of devices on the network.
• It determines the best path to move data from source to destination based on the network conditions, the priority of service, and other factors.
• Logical Addressing and Routing are functions of the Network Layer.

4) Transport Layer: 

• The Transport layer is a Layer 4 ensures that messages are transmitted in the order in which they are sent and there is no duplication of data.
• The main responsibility of the transport layer is to transfer the data completely.

5) Session Layer:

• The Session layer is used to establish, maintain, and synchronizes the interaction between communicating devices.

​6) Presentation Layer:

• It acts as a data translator for a network.
• This layer is a part of the operating system that converts the data from one presentation format to another format.

7) Application Layer: 

• An application layer serves as a window for users and application processes to access network service.
• This layer provides network services to the end-users.
• HTTP is an application layer protocol designed within the framework of the Internet protocol suite. Its definition presumes an underlying and reliable transport layer protocol, and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is commonly used.

​Thus, HTTP is an application layer in the OSI Model of Networking.

• Dioptre is the S.I. Unit of Power of a lens.
• A dioptre is equal to the reciprocal of the focal length measured in metres.
• Power of a lens is the ability of a lens to converge or diverge light rays depending on its focal length.

CONCEPT:​

• Power of Lens: The inverse of the focal length is known as the power of the lens.
  • It shows the bending strength for the light ray of the lens.

\(P = \frac{1}{f}\)

where P is the power of the lens and f is the focal length of the lens.

• The unit of power of a lens is Dioptre when the focal length of the lens is taken in meter (m).
• The focal length of the convex lens (converging) is positive and that of the concave lens (diverging) is negative. 

CALCULATION:

Given that lens is diverging. so focal length is negative.

f = -5 cm = -0.05 m

Power of lens \(P = \frac{1}{f} =\frac{1}{-0.05} = -20 D\)

P = -20 D

So the correct answer is option 2.

% → modulus operator

printf() function

The printf() function is used for output. It prints the given statement to the console.

Analysis:-

m = m%(m*3)

Calculation:

m = 23 mod (23 × 3)

m = 23 mod 69  

m = 23 

Note:

Assignment operator associativity is right to left.

Printf statement will print the value of m as 23. (Output would be 23).

Confusion PointsHere 23 mod 69 means. 23 is divided by 69. That's why 23 is the answer. For better clarity, you can run the above program and check.

Additional Information