Question Discussion & Solution

Both the statements are true with reference to ‘barbarian’.

Statement 1 - It is derived from the Greek word ‘barbaros’ which means a non-Greek.

The correct answer is Simuka.

Key Points

• The founder of the Satavahana dynasty was Simuka.
• The Satavahanas established their independent rule after the decline of the Mauryas.
• Satavahanas ruled over parts of western and central India.
• They were also known as the Andhras.
• The Puranas and inscriptions remain important sources for the history of Satavahanas.
• Important inscriptions:
  • The Nasik and Nanaghad inscriptions throw much light on the reign of Gautamiputra Satakarni. 
• Satvahana rulers worshipped a large number of Vaishnava gods such as Krishna, Vasudeva, and others.
• The official language of the Satavahanas was Prakrit.

Additional Information

• Gautamiputra Satakarni:
  • He was the greatest ruler of the Satavahana dynasty.
  • He took his name after his mother.
  • He ruled for a period of 24 years from 106 to 130 A.D.
• Hala:
  • ​He was the 17th King of the Satavahana dynasty.
  • He wrote books on Gathasaptasati and Sattasai.
• Vasudeva:
  • ​The founder of the Kanva dynasty
  • He assassinated the last ruler of the Sunga dynasty.

The correct answer is Jaipur.

•  The First Prajamandal movement in Rajasthan was founded in 1931 by Anjulal Sethi and Kapur Chand Patni.

Key Points

• Prajamandal was established to fight against colonialism and feudalism.
• The establishment of democratic rights for all was the primary demand.
• Under this constructive works were organized in princely states like establishing schools, using Khadi, and agitating against untouchability. 
• It was founded by Anjulal Sethi and Kapur Chand Patni in 1931 for the first time ever in Rajasthan.
  • It was again founded later by Jamnalal Bajaj and Hiralal Shastri in 1938.

Additional Information

Rishabhdev was the first Tirthankara of the Jains.

• He was born to King Nabhi Raja and Queen Marudevi at Ayodhya in the Ikshvaku clan.
• Mahavira (6th century bce) was the last Tirthankara to appear.

The correct answer is Lord Cornwallis was alarmed at the .extent of power concentrated in the District Collector and felt that such - absolute power was undesirable in one person.

Key Points

• Provisions of Charter Act 1793
  • This Act continued the company’s rule over the British territories in India.
  • It continued the company’s trade monopoly in India for another 20 years.
  • The Act established that “acquisition of sovereignty by the subjects of the Crown is on behalf of the Crown and not in its own right,” which clearly stated that the company’s political functions were on behalf of the British government.
  • The company’s dividends were allowed to be raised to 10%.
  • The Governor-General was given more powers.
  • He could override his council’s decision under certain circumstances.
  • He was also given authority over the governors of Madras and Bombay.
  • When the Governor-General was present in Madras or Bombay, he would supersede in authority over the governors of Madras and Bombay.

​Additional Information

• In the Governor-General’s absence from Bengal, he could appoint a Vice President from among the civilian members of his Council.
• The composition of the Board of Control changed.
• It was to have a President and two junior members, who were not necessarily members of the Privy Council.
• The salaries of the staff and the Board of Control were also now charged to the company.
• After all expenses, the company had to pay the British government Rs.5 Lakhs from the Indian revenue annually.
• Senior company officials were barred from leaving India without permission.
• If they did so, it would be considered as a resignation.
• The company was granted the authority to grant licenses to individuals and company employees to carry on trade in India.
• This was known as ‘privilege’ or ‘country trade’.
• This led to shipments of opium to China.
• This Act separated the revenue administration and the judiciary functions of the company leading to the disappearance of Maal Adalats (revenue courts).