Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is a Cooperative multitasking operating system.

Key Points

• Cooperative multitasking operating system:
  • It is a style of computer multitasking in which the operating system never initiates a context switch from a running process to another process.
  • It is also known as non-preemptive multitasking.
  • Its role reduced down to starting the processes and letting them return control back to it voluntarily.

Additional Information

• Real-time operating system:
  • It is an operating system intended to serve real-time applications that process data as it comes in without buffer delays.
  • A real-time system is a time-bound system that has well-defined, fixed time constraints.
  • Most RTOS uses a pre-emptive scheduling algorithm.
• Single user operating system: 
  • It is a type of system that has been developed and designed to use on a computer.
  • It is the most common system used for home computers.
  • There are two types of this operating system
  1. single-task
  2. multitask
• Multi-user operating system:
  • It is an operating system that allows multiple users to connect and operate a single operating system.
  • The users interact with it through terminals or computers.
  • Examples - Linux, Unix, Windows 2000, etc.

The correct answer is Compression.

Key Points

•  Compression:
  • Data Compression, also called Compaction, the process of reducing the amount of data needed for the storage or transmission of a given piece of information, typically by the use of encoding techniques. 
  • Compression predates digital technology, having been used in Morse Code, which assigned the shortest codes to the most common characters, and in telephony, which cuts off high frequencies in voice transmission.
  • Today, when an uncompressed digital image may require 20 megabytes, data compression is important in storing information digitally on computer disks and in transmitting it over communications networks.

Important Points

• Fragmentation:
  • Fragmentation is an unwanted problem where the memory blocks cannot be allocated to the processes due to their small size and the blocks remain unused.
  • There are two types of fragmentation:
    • Internal Fragmentation: In this fragmentation, the process is allocated a memory block of size more than the size of that process. Due to this some part of the memory is left unused and this causes internal fragmentation.
    • External Fragmentation: In this fragmentation, although we have total space available that is needed by a process still we are not able to put that process in the memory because that space is not contiguous. This is called external fragmentation.
• Encapsulation:
  • Data Encapsulation is the process in which some extra information is added to the data item to add some features to it.
  • Data Encapsulation uses either the OSI or the TCP/IP model in our network, and the data transmission takes place through various layers in these models.
  • Data encapsulation adds the protocol information to the data so that data transmission can take place in a proper way. This information can either be added in the header or the footer of the data.

The correct answer is DE116.

Key Points

• The hexadecimal number system consists of the symbols 0 - 9, A - F.
• Hexadecimal uses decimal numbers and six extra symbols.
• There are no numerical symbols that represent values greater than nine, so letters taken from the English alphabet are used, specifically A, B, C, D, E, and F, where Hexadecimal A = decimal 10, and hexadecimal F = decimal 15.
• A binary number is just a string of zeros and ones: 11011011.
• Three bits, each being on or off, can represent the eight numbers from 0 to 7, this is known as the octal number system.

• Steps to Convert Binary to Hex:
  • ​Start from the least significant bit (LSB) at the right of the binary number and divide it up into groups of 4 digits. (4 digital bits is called a "nibble").
  • Convert each group of 4 binary digits to its equivalent hex value (see table above).
  • Concatenate the results together, giving the total hex number.
•  The binary code is given in question 1101 1110 0001 ⇒ DE1₁₆

The correct answer is 14.

Key Points

• If the font size of a text in MS-Word 2016 document is 12.
• If we select the text and press CTRL+SHIFT+> once, then the font size of the text will be 14.
• Font sizes are measured in points; 1 point (abbreviated pt) is equal to 1/72 of an inch.
• The default size increase in MS word is two points. 
• The point size refers to the height of a character.
• Thus, a 12-pt font is 1/6 inch in height.

Additional Information

• Microsoft Word uses the Calibri font and 11 point font size by default. 
• To increase the font size, press Ctrl + ] . (Press and hold the Ctrl, then press the right bracket key.)
• To decrease the font size, press Ctrl + [.

The correct answer is (i) only.

Key Points

• CD-R stands for Compact Disk-Recordable.
• CD-RW stands for Compact Disk-ReWritable.
• CD-RW disks are expensive than CD-R disks.
• CD-R (COMPACT DISC – Recordable) is a digital optical disc storage format.
• A CD-R disc is a compact disc that can be written once and read arbitrarily many times.
• CD-R discs (CD-Rs) are readable by most plain CD readers.

Additional Information

• A Compact Disc Recordable (CD-R) is a Write Once Read Multiple (WORM) disc.
• These discs can only record data once and then the data becomes permanent on the disc.
• A Compact Disc Re-Writable (CD-RW) is an erasable disc that can be reused. 
• A CD-R is typically 700 MB of memory.