Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Software program.

• An operating system is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common services for computer programs. Operating systems are found on many devices such as a computer, mobile phones, video games etc.
• Software program
  • It is a set of instructions, or a set of modules or procedures, through which computer operation is performed.
  • It is often called a software application and a software product.

Additional Information

• Computer system
  • A Computer system is usually defined as a combination of both hardware and software working together.
  • Hardware is the physical components of a computer and software is the programs that run on a computer.
• Network
  • It is a collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network devices, peripherals, or other devices connected to one another to allow the sharing of data.
  • E.g - The Internet, often referred to as the ‘Net’, consists of a complex network of computers connected by high-speed communication technologies like satellites, microwave devices, etc.
• Hardware device
  • Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer, such as a case, central processing unit (CPU), monitor, mouse, keyboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, speakers and motherboard.
  • It accepts the data (input) from the user.
  • The computer has memory chips, which are designed to hold data until it is needed.
  • It processes this data into information. The computer has an electronic brain called the Central Processing Unit, which is responsible for processing all data into information according to the instructions given to the computer.
  • It then returns the processed information (output) to the user.

CONCEPT:

• The Correct Answer is Option (3) i.e. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a.

Option 1 is the correct answer: Local Area Network (LAN) has the highest transmission speed.

There are three basic units of a computer system:

1. Input Unit: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Light pen, Trackball etc.
2. Central Processing Unit
3. Output Unit: Monitor and Printer

Central Processing Unit (CPU): It is the most important unit, where all the processing jobs take place. CPU is the control centre of the computer and hence it is said to be the brain of the computer. CPU has three main components:

1. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): It performs all the arithmetic operations like addition (+), multiplication (*), subtraction (-), division (/) on the numerical data directed by the control unit. All the logical operations, like less than (<), greater than (>), equal to (=), not equal to (≠) etc. are also carried out by ALU.
2. Control Unit (CU): It controls and coordinates all the operations taking place in the system. It controls the flow of data and information from one unit to the other.
3. Registers/Memory Unit (MU): To execute a program, data and instructions need to be stored temporarily. This storage is done in the MU. The data and instructions are retrieved from MU by Control Unit for supplying to ALU as when required by the program.
4. Internal bus: To transfer the data

Concept:

• Nutrition is a process by which an organism consumes and uses food materials.
• According to WHO, Nutrition is the intake of food, considered in relation to the body's dietary needs.
• There are various modes of nutrition mainly Autotrophic, Heterotrophic, Chemoautotrophic, Saprophytic,  etc.

Explanation:

• Holophytic or autotrophic nutrition: In this type of nutrition the organisms prepare their food by themselves. Eg - green plants.
• Plants prepare their food by the process called photosynthesis. 
• During photosynthesis, plants trap solar energy or light energy with the help of chloroplast present in the green leaves and convert it into Chemical energy
• A pigment called chlorophyll is present in the chloroplasts which are required in trapping sunlight
• Plants utilize Carbon dioxide and Water for the synthesis of carbohydrates during photosynthesis, oxygen is liberated as a side product
• This gaseous exchange occurs through the stomata present on the leaf surface

• These events can be demonstrated by the following equation:

  \(\rm \underset{(Carbon\ dioxide)}{6CO_2} + \underset{(Water)}{6H_2 O} \xrightarrow[Chlorophyll]{Sunlight} \underset{(Carbohydrates)}{C_6H_{12}O_6} + \underset{(Oxygen)}{6O_2}\)

Therefore, Plants require CO₂, Chlorophyll, Sunlight and water for autotrophic nutrition and hence the correct option will be ''All of these''.