Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Kernel.​Key Points

• The kernel is an essential center of a computer operating system.
• It is the core that provides basic services for all other parts of the operating system. 
• It is the main layer between the OS and hardware.
• Kernel helps in the process and memory management, file systems, device control, and networking.
• It is the first program after bootloader which is loaded and controls everything in the OS.
• It acts as an interface between application and hardware.
  It is responsible for memory management.
• There are five types of the kernel:
  • A microkernel
    • It only contains basic functionality
  • A monolithic kernel.
    • It contains many device drivers
  • Hybrid Kernel
  • Exokernel
  • Microkernel

The correct answer is VDU.

Key Points

• Visual Display Unit (VDU): 
  • Visual Display Unit is an Output Device that displays all work is done and images on its screen.
  • It is also called a Monitor. After processing the input, the result is shown on the Monitor.
  • The three most common specifications about the quality of monitors are Dot Pitch, Resolution, and Refresh Rate.
  • There are many types of monitor technologies are available like CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) monitors, LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) monitors, LED (Light Emitting Diode), OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode), etc.

Important Points

• Keyboard: The keyboard is one of the main Input Devices used in a computer. It is used to enter text and numeric data in a computer system. 
• Mouse: It is also called a Pointing Device which is used to point to the things on the monitor screen. It is an Input Device that was invented by Douglas Engelbert.
• Light Pen: A light pen is an Input Device, similar to a mouse. It is used to directly write and draw any figure on the computer screen.

Additional Information

The correct answer is (i) only.

Key Points

• CD-R stands for Compact Disk-Recordable.
• CD-RW stands for Compact Disk-ReWritable.
• CD-RW disks are expensive than CD-R disks.
• CD-R (COMPACT DISC – Recordable) is a digital optical disc storage format.
• A CD-R disc is a compact disc that can be written once and read arbitrarily many times.
• CD-R discs (CD-Rs) are readable by most plain CD readers.

Additional Information

• A Compact Disc Recordable (CD-R) is a Write Once Read Multiple (WORM) disc.
• These discs can only record data once and then the data becomes permanent on the disc.
• A Compact Disc Re-Writable (CD-RW) is an erasable disc that can be reused. 
• A CD-R is typically 700 MB of memory.

The correct answer is All of the above.

Key Points

• Social engineering is the term used for a broad range of malicious activities accomplished through human interactions.
• It uses psychological manipulation to trick users into making security mistakes or giving away sensitive information. 
• A sniffing attack or a sniffer attack, in the context of network security, corresponds to theft or interception of data by capturing the network traffic using a sniffer.
• Spoofing is the act of disguising a communication from an unknown source as being from a known, trusted source. 

Additional Information

Some Common Hacking Techniques are:

• Phishing
• Bait and Switch Attack
• Key Logger
• Denial of Service (DoS\DDoS) Attacks
• ClickJacking Attacks
• Cookie Theft 

The correct answer is Supercomputer.

Key Points

• A supercomputer is a computer with a high level of performance as compared to a general-purpose computer.
• The performance of a supercomputer is commonly measured in floating-point operations per second (FLOPS) instead of million instructions per second (MIPS).

Additional Information

• World's fastest supercomputer - Fugaku (Japan)
• World's first supercomputer - CDC 6600
• India's fastest supercomputer - PARAM-Siddhi AI