Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is 1 megabyte.

Key Points

• Computer data storage conversions:

The correct answer is Computer program.

Key Points

• A computer virus is similar to a flu virus, is sketched to spread from host to host and has the ability to replicate itself.
• In more practical terms, a computer virus is a type of malevolent code or program written to alter the way a computer operates and is designed to spread from one computer to another.
• A virus is corporate by inserting or attaching itself to a lawful program or document that supports macros in order to execute its code.
• In the procedure, a virus has the prospective to cause unannounced or damaging effects, such as harming the system software by corrupting or destroying data.

Additional Information

• Common types of Computer Viruses are:
  • File Infecting Virus
  • Macro Virus
  • Browser Hijacker
  • Web Scripting Virus
  • Boot Sector Virus
  • Polymorphic Virus
  • Resident Virus
  • Multipartite Virus.

The correct answer is Trap doors.

The Trap doors are code that recognizes some special sequence of input or is triggered by being run from a certain user ID by an unlikely sequence of events.

Key Points

• Trap Door:
  • A trap door is a secret entry point into a program that allows anyone to gain access to any system without going through the usual security access procedures.
  • It is a method of bypassing normal authentication methods.
  • Hence it is also known as a back door.
  • It is used by the Programmers to debug and test programs. 
  • It can become a threat when any dishonest programmers gain illegal access. 

Additional Information

• A standalone malicious program that may give full control of an infected PC to another PC is called Trojan horse.
• A logic bomb is a small code that is intentionally inserted into a software system and will set off a malicious function when specified conditions are met. 
• A virus is a computer program that can change and replicates itself by modifying other computer programs and inserting its own code. 

The correct answer is Second.

Key Points

• Second Generation(1955-1964):
  • The computer made in the second generation was completely based upon transistors.
  • Transistors replaced vacuum tubes in computers.
  • It was invented at Bell Labs by Walter H. Brattain (1902-1987), John Bardeen (1908-1991), and William B. Shockley (1910-1989) in 1947.
  • In the computers of the second generation, punched cards and printouts were used for inputs and outputs.
  • The TX-0 was the first computer that used transistors, It was released in 1956.
  • These second-generation machines were used for a wide variety of business and scientific jobs and used high-level programming and assembly languages such as FORTRAN (Formula Translator) and COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language).
  • The second-generation computers had several features:
    • ​Computers made in the second generation used transistors that made them more reliable, smaller in size, faster in speed, more energy-efficient, and cheaper compared to the first generation of computers.
    • They contain magnetic storage disks and magnetic core memory.
    • They used high-level languages such as FORTRAN and COBOL and allowed communication with the help of a telephone line.
    • As compared to the first generation of computers, the data processing time reduced from milliseconds to microseconds.

Additional Information

• First Generation(1942-1955): 
  • The first-generation computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory.
  • They were often enormous and taking up the entire room.
  •  First-generation computers relied on machine language.
  • They were very expensive to operate and in addition to using a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was often the cause of malfunctions.
  •  The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-generation computing devices.
• Third Generation(1964-1975):
  • ​The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of computers.
  • Transistors were miniaturized and placed on Silicon chips called semiconductors.
  • Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third-generation computers through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating system.
  •  It allowed the device to run many different applications at one time.
• Fourth Generation(1971- up to till now):
  • The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip.
  • The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all the components of the computer.
  • From the central processing unit and memory to input/output controls on a single chip.
  • Fourth-generation computers also saw the development of GUIs, the mouse, and handheld devices.

The correct answer is Arithmetic and Logic Unity.

Key Points

• In computing, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a combinational digital circuit that performs arithmetic and bitwise operations on integer binary numbers.
• This is in contrast to a floating-point unit (FPU), which operates on floating-point numbers.
• It is a fundamental building block of many types of computing circuits, including the central processing unit (CPU) of computers, FPUs, and graphics processing units (GPUs).

Additional Information

• Bitwise logical operations used in Arithmetic and Logic Unit:
  • AND - It is true when both the components are true.
  • OR - It gives true when any of the one components is true.
  • Exclusive OR - It is true if and only if its arguments differ (one is true, the other is false).