Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Trap doors.

The Trap doors are code that recognizes some special sequence of input or is triggered by being run from a certain user ID by an unlikely sequence of events.

Key Points

• Trap Door:
  • A trap door is a secret entry point into a program that allows anyone to gain access to any system without going through the usual security access procedures.
  • It is a method of bypassing normal authentication methods.
  • Hence it is also known as a back door.
  • It is used by the Programmers to debug and test programs. 
  • It can become a threat when any dishonest programmers gain illegal access. 

Additional Information

• A standalone malicious program that may give full control of an infected PC to another PC is called Trojan horse.
• A logic bomb is a small code that is intentionally inserted into a software system and will set off a malicious function when specified conditions are met. 
• A virus is a computer program that can change and replicates itself by modifying other computer programs and inserting its own code. 

The correct answer is Second.

Key Points

• Second Generation(1955-1964):
  • The computer made in the second generation was completely based upon transistors.
  • Transistors replaced vacuum tubes in computers.
  • It was invented at Bell Labs by Walter H. Brattain (1902-1987), John Bardeen (1908-1991), and William B. Shockley (1910-1989) in 1947.
  • In the computers of the second generation, punched cards and printouts were used for inputs and outputs.
  • The TX-0 was the first computer that used transistors, It was released in 1956.
  • These second-generation machines were used for a wide variety of business and scientific jobs and used high-level programming and assembly languages such as FORTRAN (Formula Translator) and COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language).
  • The second-generation computers had several features:
    • ​Computers made in the second generation used transistors that made them more reliable, smaller in size, faster in speed, more energy-efficient, and cheaper compared to the first generation of computers.
    • They contain magnetic storage disks and magnetic core memory.
    • They used high-level languages such as FORTRAN and COBOL and allowed communication with the help of a telephone line.
    • As compared to the first generation of computers, the data processing time reduced from milliseconds to microseconds.

Additional Information

• First Generation(1942-1955): 
  • The first-generation computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory.
  • They were often enormous and taking up the entire room.
  •  First-generation computers relied on machine language.
  • They were very expensive to operate and in addition to using a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was often the cause of malfunctions.
  •  The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-generation computing devices.
• Third Generation(1964-1975):
  • ​The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of computers.
  • Transistors were miniaturized and placed on Silicon chips called semiconductors.
  • Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third-generation computers through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating system.
  •  It allowed the device to run many different applications at one time.
• Fourth Generation(1971- up to till now):
  • The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip.
  • The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all the components of the computer.
  • From the central processing unit and memory to input/output controls on a single chip.
  • Fourth-generation computers also saw the development of GUIs, the mouse, and handheld devices.

The correct answer is Ctrl + D.

Key Points

• Use the Ctrl+D keyboard shortcut to quickly summon the Font dialog box.
• The best benefit of the Font dialog box is its Preview window, at the bottom.
• This window shows you exactly how your choices affect text in your document.
• The Font names +Body and +Heading refer to the fonts selected by the current document theme.

Additional Information

• Important Shortcut keys:
  • Cut the selected content to the Clipboard - Ctrl+X
  • Copy the selected content to the Clipboard - Ctrl+C
  • Paste the contents of the Clipboard -Ctrl+V
  • Increase the font size by 1 point.- Ctrl+]
  • Center the text - Ctrl+E.
  • Align the text to the left - Ctrl+L

Booting:

• Starting a computer or a computer-embedded device is called booting. Booting takes place in two steps −
• Switching on the power supply
• Loading operating system into computer’s main memory
• Keeping all applications in a state of readiness in case needed by the user
• The first program or set of instructions that runs when the computer is switched on is called BIOS or Basic Input Output System.
• BIOS is firmware, i.e. a piece of software permanently programmed into the hardware.
• If a system is already running but needs to be restarted, it is called rebooting.
• Rebooting may be required if software or hardware has been installed or the system is unusually slow.

There are two types of booting −

Confusion Points

Arithmetic operation:

• It is  a work of the Arithmetic and Logic Unit of the CPU
• Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are the four basic arithmetic operations.

Refreshing: 

• Refreshing the desktop is actually used to update the display or reproduce the look of the desktop after a change.
• It does not affect the condition of RAM and does not clean your computer.

The correct answer is VDU.

Key Points

• Visual Display Unit (VDU): 
  • Visual Display Unit is an Output Device that displays all work is done and images on its screen.
  • It is also called a Monitor. After processing the input, the result is shown on the Monitor.
  • The three most common specifications about the quality of monitors are Dot Pitch, Resolution, and Refresh Rate.
  • There are many types of monitor technologies are available like CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) monitors, LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) monitors, LED (Light Emitting Diode), OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode), etc.

Important Points

• Keyboard: The keyboard is one of the main Input Devices used in a computer. It is used to enter text and numeric data in a computer system. 
• Mouse: It is also called a Pointing Device which is used to point to the things on the monitor screen. It is an Input Device that was invented by Douglas Engelbert.
• Light Pen: A light pen is an Input Device, similar to a mouse. It is used to directly write and draw any figure on the computer screen.

Additional Information