Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Vijay Bhatkar.

• VIJAY BHATKAR:
  • Vijay Pandurang Bhatkar, an  Indian computer scientist, is popularly known as the father of Indian Super Computer.
  • The Padma Bhushan and Maharashtra Bhushan awardee, Vijay Bhatakr, led the development of Param supercomputers in India.
  • He is currently holding the positions of Chancellor of Nalanda University and Chairman of Vijnana Bharti (a non-profit organization of Indian scientists).
  • Major Contributions:
    • First Supercomputer - PARAM 8000 in the year 1991
    • PARAM 10000 - in the year 1998
    • Developed the National Param Supercomputing Facility (NPSF)
    • Played a significant role in establishing institutes like C-DAC, ER&DC, IIITM-K, MKCL, etc.

• RAGHUNATH MASHELKAR:
  • He is an Indian Chemical Engineer and erstwhile Director of the CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research).
  • He has also headed institutions like the Indian National Science Academy, the Institution of Chemical Engineers, the Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), and the Global Research Alliance.
  • He is the recipient of civilian awards like Padma Shri, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Vibhushan.
• JAYANT NARLIKAR:
  • The Indian astrophysicist, Jayant Narlikar, is known for developing the Hoyle-Narlikar theory with Sir Fred Hoyle.
  • He has won many prestigious awards in his career like - Padma Vibhushan, Rashtra Bhushan award by FIE Foundation, Maharashtra Bhushan, Bhatnagar award, M.P Birla Award, etc. and is currently serving as the emeritus professor at the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics.
• NANDAN NILEKANI:
  • The Indian entrepreneur, Nandan Nilekani, is the co-founder of India's one of the biggest IT company Infosys.
  • He replaced R Seshasayee and Ravi Venkatesan to become the non-executive Chairman of the company in 2017.
  • He is the former Chairman of UIDAI (Unique Identification Authority of India).
  • He joined Indian National Congress in March 2014 but is not an active figure in politics.

The correct answer is an operating system.

• Linux is an operating system.

Key Points

• Linux was created in 1991 by  Linus Torvalds and the Free Software Foundation (FSF).
  • It is an open-source Unix-like operating system.
  • An operating system help users interact with the computer.

Additional Information

• Machine language and Assembly language are an example of a low-level language.
  • Machine language is a low-level language that is comprised of binary digits i.e. ones and zeros. 
  • An assembly language is a language designed for a specific type of processor.

The correct answer is DBMS.

Key Points

• A Database is an organized collection of data so that it can be easily accessed and managed.
• DBMS stands for Database Management System.
• A Database Management System (DBMS) is software designed to store, retrieve, define, and manage data in a database.
• Database Management System removes redundancy and Integrity.
• Database Management System reduces Application Development Time.
• DBMS follows the concepts of Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability (normally shortened as ACID).
• DBMS supports a multi-user environment and allows them to access and manipulate data in parallel. 
• Types of DBMS Systems are:
  • Hierarchical Database
  • Network Database
  • Relational Database
  • Object-Oriented Database
• The three-schema architecture of DBMS:

• Some popular DBMS systems:
  • MySQL
  • Microsoft Access
  • Oracle
  • LibreOffice Base
  • Microsoft SQL Server

​Important Points 

• In 1960, Charles Bachman designed the first DBMS system.
• In 1970, Codd introduced IBM'S Information Management System (IMS)
• In 1976, Peter Chen coined and defined the Entity-relationship model also know as the ER model.
• In 1991, Microsoft ships MS Access, a personal DBMS and that displaces all other personal DBMS products.

​​​​ Additional Information 

• Operating System
  • ​An operating system acts as an intermediary between the user of a computer and computer hardware.
  • Operating systems were first developed in the late 1950s to manage tape storage.
  • The General Motors Research Lab implemented the first OS in the early 1950s for their IBM 701.
  • Operating System allows disk access and file systems Device drivers Networking Security.
  • Operating System Handling I/O operations.
  • Operating System has error detection and handling technic.
  • An Operating System is concerned with the allocation of resources and services, such as memory, processors, devices, and information. 
  • The Kernel is the central component of a computer operating system.
• ​Compiler
  • The compiler translates source code written in a high-level language into a set of machine-language.
  • Compilers are very large programs, with error-checking and other abilities.
  • The object code is machine code that the processor can perform one instruction at a time.
  • The first Autocode and compiler in the modern sense were developed by Alick Glennie in 1952.
  • John W. Backus at IBM introduced the first commercially available compiler, in 1957.

The correct answer is Baidu.

Key Points

• BAIDU:
  • Baidu search engine is the Chinese search engine developed by Baidu Inc in the year 2000.
  • According to the Alexa Internet rankings, Baidu is currently the fourth largest website.
  • Services provided by the search engine - Baidu Baike (online encyclopedia), Baidu Wangpan (cloud storage services), Baidu Tieba (keyword-based discussion forum).
  • It has been blocked by the government in India in 2020.

Additional Information

• PACKETS:
  • Donald Davies gave this term in the year 1965.
  • The word 'packet' in computer terminology refers to a segment of data sent from one computer or device to another over a network.
  • A packet contains some important information like - source, destination, data, size, etc.
• COOKIES:
  • The web-browser programmer, Lou Montulli gave the term 'cookie'.
  • The text files containing data like username and password, that identify a computer over a network are known as 'cookies'.
  • HTTP cookies are a specific type of cookies stored on the user's computer and used to identify specific users by the web browser while browsing a website, thus improving the web browsing experience.
  • Cookies remember information and record the browsing activity of the user.

The correct answer is Port.

Key Points

• PORT:
  • A 'Port' in computer terminology, is the communication endpoint using which an external device can be connected to the computer.
  • The motherboard contains slots called 'ports' into which a cable of an external device is plugged.
  • The identification of a port for a particular transport protocol and address is done through a 16-bit unsigned number called the 'port number'.
  • Some important types of Port - Serial Port, Parallel Port, PS/2 Port, Universal Serial Bus (or USB) Port, VGA Port, Modem Port, Power Connector, Firewire Port, Ethernet Port, Game Port, and Digital Video Interface (DVI) port.

Additional Information

• RING:
  • In 'Ring' topology of computer networking, all terminals are linked to each other in form of a ring and the data circulate from one terminal to another until it reaches the destination point.
  • This type of networking does not require a network server to control the connectivity between workstations.
• ​BUS:
  • ​In this type of computer networking, the terminals are connected to a single central cable also called 'backbone'.
  • Here, in the case of 'bus' topology, only one terminal can transmit a signal at a time and the signal travels in both directions to all the terminals till it finds the destination point.
  • Since only a single cable is used in this type of networking, it is less expensive than others.
• ​ZIP:
  • ​'Zip' file in computer terminology refers to a collection of different files compiled into a single compressed file of smaller size.
  • This zipping of files saves disk space as the zipped archive takes up less space in comparison to its uncompressed version.