Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Sabarmati Ashram.

Key Points

• On 12 March 1930, Dandi March was undertaken from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi by Gandhiji.
• To achieve the goal of Complete independence, Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) was started by Gandhiji with the Dandi March.
• He started his march along with 78 followers from Sabarmati Ashram to the small village Dandi to break the Salt Law.
• The march lasted from 12th March 1930 to 6th April 1930 as a direct action campaign of tax resistance and nonviolent protest against the British salt monopoly.

Additional Information

• Gandhian Era:
  • Mahatma Gandhi was in South Africa when he was summoned by Gopal Krishna Gokhale, after which he returned to India in 1915.
  • The period from 1915-1948 can be construed as the ‘Gandhian era’ in Indian National Movement.
  • The period between 1919 to independence is marked by three important struggles –
    • Non-cooperation movement of 1919
    • Civil Disobedience movement of 1930, with its call for complete independence
    • The famous Quit Indian Movement of 1942. 

The correct answer is (b), (c).

• Dr Sadler and Major Burton were killed by the rebellious forces of Kota State on 15th October 1857.

Key Points

• Revolt in Kota
  • Major Burton was the political agent of Kota during the 1857 revolt.
  • Jaydayal and Mehrabkhan were two main revolutionaries in Kota,
  • On 15th October 1857, Major Burton, his two sons, and Dr Salder were killed by revolutionaries,
  • Maharao Ramsingh was the king of Kota at that time who was kept under house arrest.
  • Maharawal Madanpal of Karuli sent his army to help Maharao of Kota. 

Additional Information

• Captain Showers was the political agent of Mewar at the time of the 1857 revolt.
• Major Mockmason was the political agent of Marwar who was killed during the Battle of Chelawas by the revolutionaries of Aauwa.

The correct answer is 2 only.

Key Points

• Champaran Satyagrah:-
  • The Champaran Satyagrah holds an important position in the Indian Independence Movement.
  • The tenant farmers were forced to grow Indigo crops instead of food crops.
  • The indigo and cash crops were bought by the British at very low prices which resulted in extreme poverty. Also, the British officials were hostile to the poor farmers and levied huge taxes on them.
  • This developed anger among the tenant farmers and Indian journalists like Ganesh Shankar Vidhyarthi and Peer Muneesh published the sufferings of Champaran people in their publications.
  • When the situation became unbearable, the farmers revolted against the government in indigo plant cultivation in 1914 (at Pipra) and in 1916 at (Turkaulia).
  • People like Pandit Raj Kumar Shukla and Sant Raut persuaded Mahatma Gandhi to come to Champaran to investigate the problem of peasants. Pandit Raj Kumar Shukla was himself an oppressed Indigo cultivator of the region. Hence, Statement 1 is Not correct.
  • At the request of these people, Gandhiji along with his team, that included people like Rajendra Prasad, Brajkishore Prasad,  Prasad, Maulana Mazharul Haque, Babu Gaya Prasad Singh, Ramnavmi Prasad, J.B. Kripalani, etc., arrived in Champaran in April 1917 and stayed at the house of Sant Raut in Amolwa village. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
  • Gandhi's team of lawyers comprising Babu Braj Kishore Prasad, Dr. Anugrah Narayan Sinha, and Dr. Rajendra Prasad surveyed the villages and tried to find out the injustice done to the peasants.
  • Gandhiji organized protests and strikes against the landlords who signed agreements with the British government, as the provisions of the agreement were detrimental to the poor tenant farmers.
  • Gandhiji received titles like 'Bapu' and 'Mahatma' during this agitation. He preferred to be called 'Bapu'.

The correct answer is Stuttgart.

Key Points

• Madam Cama hoisted the first tricolor flag in 1907 at Stuttgart.
• Madam Cama:
  • Bhikaiji Rustom Cama was a prominent figure in the Indian Independence Struggle.
  • She is famous for hosting the precursor to the Indian National Flag on foreign soil.
  • For this act, she came to be known as the ‘Mother of the Indian Revolution.
  • During her visit to London, Bhikaiji Cama came into contact with Shyamji Krishna Varma, an Indian nationalist known for the speeches he gave in Hyde Park.
  • She met Dadabhai Naoroji, the president of the British committee of the Indian National Congress (founded on December 28, 1885). 

The Correct Answer is Option 1.

• Harappan culture planned its towns with their chessboard system, streets, drainage pipes, and chess pits.
• Rectangular houses with brick-line bathrooms and wells together with their stairways are found in all Harappan sites.
• Harappans have well connected central drainage system.
• Harappa is known as the city of granaries.
• The extraordinary uniformity of Harappa Civilization of artecrafts is evident in pottery, seals, bricks and weights. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.

• The late Harappa sites did not maintain the same construction techniques as were used in mature Harappa sites. Hence, Statement 2 is NOT correct.