Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Quit India Movement.

Quit India Movement is also known as the August Movement.

• 8th August is observed as the anniversary of the Quit India Movement during the Indian Freedom Struggle.
• The Quit India Movement was launched by Mahatama Gandhiji during world war II on 8th August 1942 at the Bombay session of the All-India Congress Committee demanding an end to British Rule.
• The collapse of the Cripps Mission was the immediate cause of the Quit India Movement.
• The slogan for the Quit India Movement was "Do or Die".
• Non-cooperation Movement was started by Mahatma Gandhiji from 1920-1922.
  • It was started to induce the British Government to grant self-government or swaraj to India.

The following are the causes of the Non-Cooperation Movement:

• Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (1919).
• Rowlatt Act (1919).
• Khilafat Agitation.
• Not satisfied with the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms.
  • Under the movement the British goods were boycotted, lawyers boycotted the court of law, legislative assemblies were boycotted and titles, honours, and honorary posts were surrendered by people.
  • The Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn by Mahatma Gandhiji due to the Chauri Chaura incident.

Salt Satyagraha is also known as Salt March, Dandi March, and Dandi Satyagraha.

• It was led by Mahatma Gandhiji from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi in Gujarat.
• It was led from 12th March 1930 to 5th April 1930.
• Rajendra Prasad led salt satyagraha in Bhagalpur.
• Rajgopalachari led salt satyagraha in Tamilnadu.
• Khilafat Movement is also known as the Indian Muslim Movement.
  • The Khilafat Movement was led by Shaukat Ali, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar, Hakim Ajmal Khan and Abdul Kalam Azad.
  • The Movement was led from 1919-1924.
  • In March 1919 the Khilafat Committee has formed in Bombay now Mumbai.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e. Chandela

• Chandela Dynasty is not related to Agnikul.
• The four Rajput clans from Agnikunda are Chalukyas, Chauhans, Pratiharas, and Parmaras.
• In Central India, the Chandelas of Jejakabhukti were a royal dynasty.
• They ruled the Bundelkhand region (which was then known as Jejakabhuti) from the 9th to the 13th centuries.

The correct answer is Pre Harappan Civilization

• The ancient site at Kot Diji was found before the Indus Civilization or Haddapan Civilization.
•  Time Period: 3300 BCE.
• The remains consist of two parts; the citadel area on high ground and the outer area.
•  The Pakistan Department of Archaeology excavated at Kot Diji in 1955 and 1957.
• Kot Diji is distanced about 24 kilometers south of Khairpur in the province of Sindh, Pakistan.
• It is on the east bank of the Indus opposite Mohenjo-Daro.

• The terms Early Harappan and Harappan (were discovered in 1921).
• These are relating respectively to periods or cultures that preceded the appearance of city life in the Indus valley and to the Indus civilization itself.

The correct answer is Non-Cooperation Movement.

Key Points

• Swaraj Party was formed following the failure of the Non-Cooperation Movement.
• Non-Cooperation Movement:
  • The movement of Non-cooperation was launched on 4 September 1920 by Mahatma Gandhi with the aim of self-governance and obtaining full independence (Purna Swaraj) as the Indian National Congress (INC) withdrew its support for British reforms following the Rowlatt Act of 21 March 1919, and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre of 13 April 1919.
  • The Rowlatt Act of March 1919, which suspended the rights of political prisoners in sedition trials, was seen as a "political awakening" by Indians and as a "threat" by the British.
  • Although it was never invoked and declared void just a few years later, the act motivated Gandhi to conceive the idea of satyagraha (truth), which he saw as synonymous with independence.
• Swaraj Party:
  • Swaraj Party, an Indian political party established in late 1922–early 1923 by members of the Indian National Congress (Congress Party), notably Motilal Nehru, one of the most prominent lawyers in northern India (and the father of political leader Jawaharlal Nehru), and Chitta Ranjan Das, a nationalist politician from Bengal.
  • The party’s name is taken from the term swaraj, meaning “self-rule,” which was broadly applied to the movement to gain independence from British rule.
  • The party’s primary goal was to contest the elections to the new Central Legislative Assembly in 1923 and, once in office, to disrupt official policy and derail the Raj (British government in India) by antigovernment agitation within the council chambers.
  • Though the noncooperation approach of Mohandas K. Gandhi had remained the primary strategy of the Congress, in reality, those Congress leaders who were less-orthodox Hindu or who were more secular-minded in outlook chose the alternative tactic of partially cooperating with political reforms being instituted by the British after World War I.

Additional Information

• Civil Disobedience Movement:
  • Mohandas Gandhi’s civil disobedience movement of 1930-1931—launched by the Salt March—is a critical case for understanding civil resistance.
  • Although by itself it failed to bring Indian independence, it seriously undermined British authority and united India’s population in a movement for independence under the leadership of the Indian National Congress (INC).
  • It further signalled a new stage in the struggle for Indian swaraj (self-rule) and facilitated the downfall of the British Empire in India.
  • Gandhi’s Salt Satyagraha drew upon a traditional South Asian cultural practice – the “Padyatra” (a long spiritual march) that became a model of strategic action for many social movements in the decades to come.
• Rowlatt Bill Satyagraha:
  • Rowlatt Acts, (February 1919), legislation passed by the Imperial Legislative Council, the legislature of British India. 
  • The acts allowed certain political cases to be tried without juries and permitted the internment of suspects without trial.
  • Their object was to replace the repressive provisions of the wartime Defence of India Act (1915) with a permanent law.
  • They were based on the report of Justice S.A.T. Rowlatt’s committee of 1918.
  • The Rowlatt Acts were much resented by an aroused Indian public.
  • All nonofficial Indian members of the council (i.e., those who were not officials in the colonial government) voted against the acts.
  • Mahatma Gandhi organized a protest movement that led directly to the Massacre of Amritsar (April 1919) and subsequently to his noncooperation movement (1920–22).
• Champaran Satyagraha:
  • The Champaran Satyagraha was the combination of elements of extra-constitutional struggle as well as the employment of moral force against an adversary, an exemplar of the rule of law; and the use of compromise as a gambit.
  • It is marked as India’s First Civil Disobedience Movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi to protest against the injustice meted out to tenant farmers in the Champaran district of Bihar.
  • Champaran district was part of a permanent settlement area that consisted of the large zamindari estates under rich and influential landlords.
  • Most of the villages were leased out by the zamindars to thikadars of whom the most influential were European Indigo Planters.
  • Though the planters were temporary tenure holders, they not only extracted rent from the peasants but also exercised civil and criminal jurisdiction.

The correct answer is Mahavamsa

• History of Buddhist Snaga which is a part of Mahavamsa contains text about Ashoka.
• Mahavamsa is written in the form of poem, which is divided into 4 parts. 

Ashoka:

• Ashoka is referred as Buddhsakya in Maski Inscription and Dharmakosa in his Sarnath Inscription.
• He was known as Devampiya i.e. beloved oof Goda, and as Piyadassi i.e. of pleasing appearance.
• Ashoka believed in the policy of Dhamma.
• Ashoka's visit to Lumbini and exemption of Lumbini from tax was mentioned in Rumminidei Pillar Inscription.
• The Kandhar Inscription speaks about the success of his policy with the hunters and fishermen.
• Nigalisagar Pillar Inscription: It mentions that Ashoka increased the height of the stupa of Buddha Konakamana to its double size.