Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Japan.

Key Points

• The 'Procedure established by Law' was taken from the Japanese Constitution.
• The “Procedure Established by Law” means that a law is duly enacted by the legislature or the concerned body is valid only if the correct procedure has been followed to the letter.
• By adopting the phrase "procedure established by law" the Constitution gave the legislature the final word to determine the law.

Additional Information

• Some important borrowings in Indian Constitution
• Strong federation of Center - Canada
• Parliament - Britain
• Preamble - USA
• DPSP - Ireland
• Fundamental Duties -Russia/USSR
• Election of President - Ireland
• Emergency - Germany  

The correct answer is 2 only.

Key Points

• The first statement is not correct because it talks about the chairman as well as the deputy chairman.
  • The Vice-President of India is ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha.
  • Rajya Sabha also chooses from amongst its members, a Deputy Chairman.​
  • ​Hence statement 1 is not correct.
• President: Elected members of parliament (MPs from Lok Sabha as well as Rajya Sabha).
  • Elected members of State legislative members, including that of NCT of Delhi and Pondicherry.
• Vice President: Vice President is elected indirectly, by an electoral college consisting of members of both houses of the Parliament.
  • Hence statement 2 is correct.

​​​Additional Information

• Special Powers of Rajya Sabha
  • The Upper House also has some special powers, such as:
    • Power to transfer a subject from the State List to Union List for a specified period (Article 249).
    • To create additional All-India Services (Article 312).
    • To endorse Emergency under Article 352 for a limited period when the Lok Sabha remains dissolved.

The correct answer is Election Commission.

Important Points  In India, the political parties are given ‘recognition’ by the Election Commission of India.

• Election Commission of India:
  • The Election Commission of India is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering Union and State election processes in India.
  • The body administers elections to the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, and State Legislative Assemblies in India, and the offices of the President and Vice President in the country.
  • Part XV of the Indian constitution deals with elections and establishes a commission for these matters.
  • The Election Commission was established in accordance with the Constitution on 25th January 1950.
  • Article 324 to 329 of the constitution deals with powers, function, tenure, eligibility, etc of the commission and the member.
• Articles related to Elections:

Key Points

•  Functions of ECI:
  • Election Commission of India superintendents, direct and control the entire process of conducting elections to Parliament and Legislature of every State and to the offices of President and Vice-President of India.
  • The most important function of the commission is to decide the election schedules for the conduct of periodic and timely elections, whether general or bye-elections.
  • It prepares the electoral roll, issues Electronic Photo Identity Card (EPIC).
  • It decides on the location of polling stations, assignment of voters to the polling stations, location of counting centers, arrangements to be made in and around polling stations and counting centers, and all allied matters.
  • It grants recognition to political parties & allots election symbols to them along with settling disputes related to it.
  • The Commission also has advisory jurisdiction in the matter of post-election disqualification of sitting members of Parliament and State Legislatures.
  • It issues the Model Code of Conduct in elections for political parties and candidates so that no one indulges in unfair practice or there is no arbitrary abuse of powers by those in power.
  • It sets limits of campaign expenditure per candidate to all the political parties and also monitors the same.

The correct answer is 1952.

Key Points

• The Council of States also known as Rajya Sabha first constituted on 3 April 1952.

Additional Information

• On 23 August 1954, the Chairman of Rajya Sabha made an announcement in the House that the Council of States would now be called ‘Rajya Sabha’ in Hindi.
• The Rajya Sabha meet for the first time on 13 May 1952.
• Dr. S. Radhakrishnan was the first Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
• Shri S.V Krishnamoorthy Rao was the first Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha.
• At that time, Two hundred and fifty (250), out of which 238 are to be elected and 12 are to be nominated by the President of India is the maximum strength of Rajya Sabha.
• Two hundred and forty-five (245), out of which 233 are elected and 12 are nominated is now the actual strength of Rajya Sabha.

The correct answer is Vincent de Gournay.

 Key Points

• The term bureaucracy, coined (as bureaucratie) in the mid-18th century by the French philosopher Vincent de Gournay.
• It is derived from the French bureau, meaning “writing desk,” and -cratie, meaning “government.”

  Important Points

• Max Weber was a German sociologist and political economist best known for his thesis of the “Protestant ethic,” relating Protestantism to capitalism, and for his ideas on bureaucracy.
• Alexander Pope is seen as one of the greatest English poets and the foremost poet of the early 18th century.
• He is best known for satirical and discursive poetry, including The Rape of the Lock, The Dunciad, and An Essay on Criticism, and for his translation of Homer.
• Michel Crozier was a French sociologist and member of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques from 1999 until his death.
• He also was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, as well as a laureate of the Prix Alexis de Tocqueville.