Question Discussion & Solution

Concept:

• Water Harvesting: Water harvesting is a practice to conserve water by collecting rainwater in an organized way.
  • The rainwater is not allowed to flow and get wasted but collected in tanks.
  • The main purpose however is not the collection but the enhancement of groundwater level.  
  • The collected water through tubes is made to recharge groundwater.
  • Maintenance of groundwater is long term sustainable structure for water conservation.

Here the logic is the methods which consumes water:

Explanation:

Kneading:

• Kneading is a process in the making of dough by mixing water and flour.
• Example: Kneading dough for roti. 
• Consumes water

Swimming also need water to do so.

Washing clothes is also a process that consumes.

While combing hair, no need of water.

The correct answer is Chloroplast.

Key Points

• Photosynthesis:
  • Photosynthesis definition states that the process exclusively takes place in the chloroplasts through photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotene, and xanthophyll.
  • All green plants and a few other autotrophic organisms utilize photosynthesis is to synthesize nutrients by using carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight.
  • The by-product of the photosynthesis process is oxygen.
  • Photosynthesis occurs when plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
  • Leaves contain microscopic cellular organelles known as chloroplasts.
  • Each chloroplast contains a green-colored pigment called chlorophyll.
  • Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll molecules whereas carbon dioxide and oxygen enter through the tiny pores of stomata located in the epidermis of leaves.
  • Another by-product of photosynthesis is sugars such as glucose and fructose.
  • These sugars are used by the plants as an energy source, which helps them to grow.
  • Photosynthesis also applies to other organisms besides green plants.
  • These include several prokaryotes such as cyanobacteria, purple bacteria, and green sulfur bacteria.
  • These organisms exhibit photosynthesis just like green plants.
  • The glucose produced during photosynthesis is then used to fuel various cellular activities.
  • The by-product of this physio-chemical process is oxygen.

Concept

The eight primitive data types supported by the Java programming language are:

• byte: The byte data type is an 8-bit signed two's complement integer. It has a minimum value of -128 and a maximum value of 127 (inclusive). 

• short: The short data type is a 16-bit signed two's complement integer. It has a minimum value of -32,768 and a maximum value of 32,767 (inclusive).

• int: By default, the int data type is a 32-bit signed two's complement integer, which has a minimum value of -231 and a maximum value of 231-1. In Java SE 8 and later, you can use the int data type to represent an unsigned 32-bit integer, which has a minimum value of 0 and a maximum value of 232-1. .

• long: The long data type is a 64-bit two's complement integer. The signed long has a minimum value of -263 and a maximum value of 263-1. In Java SE 8 and later, you can use the long data type to represent an unsigned 64-bit long, .

• float: The float data type is a single-precision 32-bit IEEE 754 floating point.

• double: The double data type is a double-precision 64-bit IEEE 754 floating point. For decimal values, this data type is generally the default choice. 

• boolean: The boolean data type has only two possible values: true and false. 

• char: The char data type is a single 16-bit Unicode character. It has a minimum value of '\u0000' (or 0) and a maximum value of '\uffff' (or 65,535 inclusive).

Hence there are 8 primitive data types, that is, byte, short, int, long, float, double, boolean and char

Additional Information

Non-primitive data types - such as String, Arrays, ArrayList, Integer, Long,  etc.

A 2007 survey by the Ministry of Women and Child Development showed that 53% of children in India had been sexually abused. 

Important Points The Protection of Children against Sexual Offences Act (POCSO) was passed by both houses of Parliament on May 22, 2012.  

• It came into effect on Children’s Day, November 14, 2012.
• Salient Feature of POCSO- 
  • It is gender-neutral.
  • It makes the reporting of abuse mandatory.
  • It makes the recording of sexual abuse mandatory.
  • It lists all known types of sexual offences towards minors.
  • It provides for the protection of minors during the judicial process.

From the above, it is clear that the Protection of Children against Sexual Offences Act (POCSO) came into effect on Children’s Day, November 14, 2012.

The correct answer is Cell.

Key Points

• Cell:
  • A cell is the smallest unit capable of independent existence which can reproduce itself. Hence, Option 3 is correct.
  • All living organisms, except for viruses, are composed of one or more cells.
  • Single-cell organisms; such as, bacteria, protozoa, and other micro-organisms are termed unicellular, while plants and animals that contain many cells are termed multicellular.
  • Highly complex organisms; such as, human beings consist of billions of cells, all of which are adapted to carry out specific functions; for example, groups of these specialized cells are organized into tissue and bodily organs.
  • Although cells may differ widely in size, appearance, and function, their essential features are similar.

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Important Points

• Almost all cells perform biochemical processes, generate and process energy, and store genetic information to be passed down to future generations of cells.
• Advanced single-celled and multicelled organisms have nuclei that carry the DNA, primitive cells; such as, bacteria, have no nucleus and carry their DNA loosely in coils throughout the cells
• The number of cells in an organism varies; for example, bacteria are single-celled organisms; the average adult human body has about one hundred trillion cells.
• Cells are the structural unit of all organisms and come in a range of sizes and shapes.
• Animal cells contain only an outside cell membrane.
• In most fungi, bacteria, and plants; there is a rigid cell wall outside the membrane.
• Each cell is composed of a mass of jelly-like substance called the cytoplasm, surrounded by a membrane.

Additional Information