Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is ​Widespread discontentment among peasants against oppressive practices of Zamindars.

Key Points

• The Bengal Tenancy Act 1885 was an enactment of the Bengal British government that defined the rights of zamindars lords and their tenants in response to a widespread peasant revolt.
• It was mainly in response to widespread peasant discontent against oppressive practices of Zamindars emerging from Act X of 1859.
  • The zamindars resorted to enhanced rents beyond legal limits and prevented the tenants from acquiring occupancy rights under Act X of 1859.  
• During the 1870s and 1880s, large parts of Eastern Bengal witnessed agrarian unrest caused by oppressive practices of the zamindars, popularly referred to as Pabna Agrarian Revolt.
• To achieve their ends, the zamindars resorted to forcible evictions, seizure of cattle and crops and prolonged, costly litigation in courts where the poor peasant found himself at a disadvantage.  
• Having had enough of the oppressive regime, the peasants of Yusufshahi Pargana in Patna district formed an agrarian league or combination to resist the demands of the zamindars.  
• The League organised a rent strike where the ryots refused to pay the enhanced rents, challenging the zamindars in the courts.
• Funds were raised by ryots to fight the court cases.
• The struggles spread throughout Patna and to other districts of then East Bengal. 
• The main form of struggle was that of legal resistance; there was very little violence.
• Though the peasant discontent continued to linger on till 1885, most of the cases had been solved, partially through official persuasion and partially because of zamindars' fears.
• Many peasants were able to acquire occupancy rights and resist enhanced rents. The Government also passed the Bengal Tenancy Act in 1885.
• A number of young Indian intellectuals including Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, R.C. Dutt and the Indian Association under Surendranath Banerjee supported the peasants' cause.

The correct answer is Sarojini Naidu.

Key Points

• Sarojini Naidu:
  • Sarojini Naidu was born on 13 February 1879 in Hyderabad to Bengali parents. 
  • Her father administered the Nizam College in Hyderabad while her mother was a prolific writer.
  • She was the eldest of eight siblings.
  • Sarojini Naidu graduated from the University of Madras and the Nizam Charitable Trust founded by Mahbub Ali Khan gave her a chance to study at Girton College at Cambridge.
  • Sarojini married Pradipati Govindarajulu Naidu after completing her education.
  • The couple would have five children, one of them, Paidipati Padmaja would join the independence struggle and become a part of the Quit India Movement.

• Siddhartha also was known as Buddha got his enlightenment in Gaya located in the Indian state of Bihar.
• Buddha obtained enlightenment under a tree which is now popularly known as the Bodhi Tree.
• Bodh Gaya is the most sacred place for the Buddhists.
• Buddha achieved Mahaparinirvana around 484 BCE in the town of Kushinagar in north India.
• Buddha gave his first sermon in Sarnath.

The correct answer Jodhpura.

Key Points

• The Sahibi river/ the Sabi River is an ephemeral, rain-fed river flowing through Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi state in India.
• It drains into the Yamuna in Delhi, where its channelled course is also called the Najafgarh drain, which also serves as Najafgarh drain bird sanctuary.
• Sahibi is a seasonal river that is 300 km long and flows from Aravalli hills in Rajasthan to Haryana, of which 100 km is in Haryana.
• It is identified that the late Harappan phase of Indus valley civilization culture was found along the Sabi Riverbank.
• Jodhpura was the site located on the banks of river Sabi in Jaipur district, where ancient civilization in Rajasthan was settled.

Additional Information

• Gilund is an archaeological site in the Rajsamand district. It is situated on the right bank of the Banas river.
• Baror is situated on the right bank of dried up river Sarasvati (modern Ghaggar) in Anupgarh Tehsil of Ganganagar district of Rajasthan.
• Nagari is situated on the right bank of the Berach River, a tributary of the Banas.

The correct answer is Surat

Key Points

• The East India Company arrived first at Surat, India in 1608 in the ship Hector commanded by William Hawkins.
• The British established their first Indian factory at Surat (1612).
• Within a few years had established a permanent factory there.
• Surat was the port used by the textile manufacturers of Gujrat and was the most important center for the overseas trade of the Mughal Empire.
• A factory was eventually established at Surat in 1612 when the Portuguese fleet was defeated by the English.

Additional Information

• Cochin: The earliest account of Cochin is derived from the records made by the Chinese traveler, Ma Huan.
  • At the beginning of the XVI century, Cochin was the seat of the Portuguese in India, including the time of the capture of Goa in 1510.
  • Cochin was the first princely state to join India willingly after Independence.
• Calicut: Vasco da Gama sailed on a mission to reach India and open a sea route from Europe to the East.
  • He made numerous stops in Africa before reaching Calicut in 1498.