Modern History Questions

The Correct Answer is 1780.

Key Points

• The First Newspaper of India hickey's Bengal Gazette was published in Calcutta in 1780.
• Hicky's Bengal Gazette or the Original Calcutta General Advertiser was an English language weekly newspaper published in Kolkata (then Calcutta), the capital of British India.
• It was the first newspaper printed in Asia and was published for two years, between 1780 and 1782, before the East India Company seized the newspaper's types and printing press.
• Founded by James Augustus Hicky, a highly eccentric Irishman who had previously spent two years in jail for debt, the newspaper was a strong critic of the administration of Governor-General Warren Hastings.
• The newspaper was important for its provocative journalism and its fight for free expression in India.

The correct answer is Lord Ripon.

Key Points

•  Lord Ripon set up Local self-governments: Panchayats and Municipal Boards due to which he was known as Father of Self Government.
  • In 1882, Ripon proposed to establish local self-government.
  • In which it was emphasized that in the local people, many qualified people are far from the administration’s work, hence the establishment of local self-government is necessary for bringing them into administration.
• He was the most loved Governor-General of India.
• He is also known for repealed the controversial Arms and Vernacular press act.
• Two new universities opened by him: Punjab University 1884, Allahabad University 1887.
• Ripon, after experiencing the need for improvement in education, decided to set up an Education Commission and appointed Sir William Hunter as the Chairman of the Education Commission. 

Additional Information

• Lord Lytton
• Main incidents during his Viceroyship are:
  • Royal Titles Act of 1876.
  • Assumption of the title of empress of India by Queen Victoria.
  • Vernacular Press Act.
  • Arms Act of 1878.
• Lord Curzon
• Main incidents during his Viceroyship are:
  • Thomas Raleigh commission.
  • Ancient Monuments Preservation Act of 1904.
  • Establishment of Agriculture research Institute at Pusa in Bihar.
  • Partition of Bengal in 1905.

The correct answer is The Commission did not have any Indian members.

• Simon Commission which was sent by the British Government was boycotted by Indian politicians.

Key Points

• Simon commission was also referred to as the Indian Statuary Commission was a group of seven members of Parliament under Sir John Simon.
  • Indian politicians Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru, Mahatma Gandhi, Jinnah, the Muslim League, and Indian National Congress.
  • They were opposing because out of seven members there was no member from India.
  • Lord Irwin was Viceroy of India at the time of commission took place.
  • Lala Lajpat Rai was martyred while he was protesting against the Simon Commission at Lahore.
  • The outcome of the Simon Commission was the Government of India Act, 1935.

The correct answer is Nana Sahib.

Important Points

• Nana Sahib led the revolt of 1857 in the city of Kanpur.
  • The original name of Nana Sahib was Dhondu Pant.
  • He was the adopted son of the late Peshwa Baji Rao.
  • He was the successor of Peshwa Baji Rao II.
  • Tantia Tope was the general of Nana Saheb in the 1857 revolt.
  • It is believed that Nana Sahib escaped to Nepal when the rebellion collapsed.

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Additional Information 

• Rani Lakshmi Bai led the revolt of 1857 in Jhansi and Gwalior.
• Begum Hazrat Mahal led the revolt of 1857 in Lucknow, Agra, and Awadh.
• Kunwar Singh led the revolt of 1857 in Jagadishpur, Bihar.

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• About 1857 Revolt:
  • The Indian Mutiny of 1857-59 was a widespread but unsuccessful rebellion against the rule of the British East India Company in India which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British crown.
  • The reason for the Revolt of 1857 is the immediate factor was the introduction of the 'Enfield' rifle.
  • The cartridge had to be bitten off before loading it into the gun.
  • Indian sepoys believed that the cartridge was greased with either pig fat or made from cow fat.
  • 1857 revolt started firstly on 29th March 1857 from Barrackpur (West Bengal) by Mangal Pandey. 

The correct answer is Lord Dalhousie.

Key Points

• The chief instrument through which Lord Dalhousie implemented his policy of annexation was the ‘Doctrine of Lapse’.
  • Under the Doctrine of Lapse, when the ruler of a protected state died without a natural heir, his/her state was not to pass to an adopted heir as sanctioned by the age-old tradition of the country.
• Lord Dalhousie came to India as the Governor-General in 1848.
• Lord Dalhousie was keen on annexing the kingdom of Avadh.

Important Points

🔑 Key Points

• The Quit India Movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1942
• It was a major civil disobedience movement against British rule
• The movement marked a significant shift in the Indian independence movement

🔑 Key Points

• A.O. Hume was a British civil servant who played a key role in the formation of the Indian National Congress
• He was the founder of the Indian National Congress
• The Indian National Congress was formed in 1885

🔑 Key Points

• The Government of India Act of 1935 was a major constitutional reform
• It established a federal system of government in India
• The act provided for the establishment of a federal court and a federal railway authority

🔑 Key Points

• Mangal Pandey was a sepoy in the British East India Company's army
• He is considered one of the first martyrs of the Indian Rebellion of 1857
• The rebellion was a major uprising against British rule in India

🔑 Key Points

• The Jallianwala Bagh massacre was a brutal attack on unarmed civilians by British troops
• The massacre occurred on 13 April 1919
• It was a major turning point in the Indian independence movement