Question Discussion & Solution

Encapsulation

• It is the process or method to contain the information.
• Wrapping of data and function into a single unit is called data encapsulation
• Encapsulation is a method to hide the data in a single entity or unit along with a method to protect information from outside.
• It can be implemented using by access modifier.  

Important Point:

• Data Abstraction is the method of hiding unwanted information.
• Polymorphism is a feature of OOPs that allows the object to behave differently in different conditions. 
• The objects that help to perform abstraction are encapsulated but the objects that result in encapsulation need not be abstracted.

All except 'Handle' are name of vehicles while 'handle' is the name of one of the parts of a vehicle.

The correct answer is Pirated Software.

Key Points

• Pirated Software is the unauthorized use, duplication, or sale of copyrighted software.
  • Pirated software is software that has been copied or distributed for free or at a vastly reduced price against the wishes of the creator.
  • The term "piracy" comes from the music industry and specifically the illegal broadcasting of music without paying a royalty.
  • Windows 10 automatically scans your computer for pirated software.

Additional Information

• Cracked software is usually (but not always!) pirated.
• The operative term is ‘crack’, which means that some type of patch or workaround was applied to defeat copy protection.

Important Points

Email bomb

It is an attack on your inbox that involves sending massive amounts of emails to your address. Sometimes these messages are complete gibberish, but more often they’ll be confirmation emails for newsletters and subscriptions.

Additional Information

Spoofing 

It is the act of disguising a communication from an unknown source as being from a known, trusted source. Spoofing can apply to emails, phone calls, and websites, or can be more technical, such as a computer spoofing an IP address, Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), or Domain Name System (DNS) server.

Smurf Attack

It is a form of a DDoS attack that causes packet flood on the victim by exploiting/abusing ICMP protocol. When deployed, large packets are created using a technique called “spoofing”. The phony source address that is now attached to these packets becomes the victim, as their IP is flooded with traffic. The small ICMP packet generated by the tool causes big trouble for a victim, hence the name Smurf.

Ping storm

It is a condition in which the Internet ping program is used to send a flood of packets to a server to  test its ability to handle a high amount of traffic or, maliciously, to make the server inoperable

Hence Option 1 is correct

Void pointer: It is a specific pointer type – void * – a pointer that points to some data location in storage, which doesn’t have any specific type. Void refers to the type.

• void pointers cannot be dereferenced. It can however be done using typecasting the void pointer
• Pointer arithmetic is not possible on pointers of void due to lack of concrete value and thus size

Other Important Points

Dangling pointer: A pointer pointing to a memory location that has been deleted (or freed) is called dangling pointer.   

Uninitialized pointer : An uninitialized pointer stores an undefined value. A null pointer stores a defined value, but one that is defined by the environment to not be a valid address for any member or object.

NULL Pointer : NULL Pointer is a pointer which is pointing to nothing. In case, if we don’t have address to be assigned to a pointer