Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is .HTM or .HTML.

Key Points

• Web pages use .HTM or .HTML file extensions.
  • A file extension or file name extension is the ending of a file that helps identify the type of file in operating systems.
  • In Microsoft Windows, the file name extension is a period that is often followed by three characters but may also be one, two, or four characters long.
  • A filename extension is often between one and three characters and is always at the end of the file name, starting with a period.

Additional Information

• A JPG file is an image saved in a compressed image format standardized by the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG).
  • It is commonly used for storing digital photos and used by most digital cameras to save images.
  • JPG files are among the most common image files, along with .PNG, TIF, and .GIF.
• A DOC file is a word processing document created by Microsoft Word.
  • It may contain formatted text, images, tables, graphs, charts, page formatting, and print settings.
  • DOC files are created to save various documents, including letters, resumes, essays, and invitations.
• A JS file is a text file containing JavaScript code that is used to execute JavaScript instructions on web pages.
  • It may include functions that open and close windows, validate form fields, enable rollover images, or create dropdown menus.
  • JS files are referenced by web pages that incorporate JavaScript functions.

The correct answer is Write-Once Read-Many.

Key Points

• CDs are also known as WORM discs, for “Write Once Read Many.”
• A rewritable version based on excitable crystals and known as CD-RW was introduced in the mid-1990s.
• In computer storage media, WORM (write once, read many) is a data storage technology that allows information to be written to a disc a single time and prevents the drive from erasing the data.

Additional Information

Some important abbreviations used in Computer:

• BIOS - Basic Input Output System
• CAD - Computer-Aided Design
• EDVAC - Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Calculator
• EPROM - Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
• FORTRAN - FORmula TRANslation
• GPRS - General Packet Radio Service 

The correct answer is Analytical Engine. 

Key Points

• Analytical Engine generally considered the first computer, designed and partly built by the English inventor Charles Babbage in the 19th century (he worked on it until his death in 1871).
• While working on the Difference Engine, a simpler calculating machine commissioned by the British government, Babbage began to imagine ways to improve it.
• Chiefly he thought about generalizing its operation so that it could perform other kinds of calculations.
• By the time funding ran out for his Difference Engine in 1833, he had conceived of something far more revolutionary: a general-purpose computing machine called the Analytical Engine. 
• The Analytical Engine was to be a general-purpose, fully program-controlled, automatic mechanical digital computer.
• It would be able to perform any calculation set before it. 
• The machine was designed to consist of four components: the mill, the store, the reader, and the printer. These components are the essential components of every computer today.

Additional Information

• Abacus:
  • Abacus, plural abaci or abacuses, calculating device, probably of Babylonian origin, that was long important in commerce.
  • It is the ancestor of the modern calculating machine and computer.
  • The earliest “abacus” likely was a board or slab on which a Babylonian spread sand so he could trace letters for general writing purposes. 
  • The word abacus is probably derived, through its Greek form abakos, from a Semitic word such as the Hebrew ibeq (“to wipe the dust”; noun abaq, “dust”). 
  • The abacus, generally in the form of a large calculating board, was in universal use in Europe in the Middle Ages, as well as in the Arab world and in Asia.
  • It reached Japan in the 16th century. The introduction of the Hindu-Arabic notation, with its place value and zero, gradually replaced the abacus, though it was still widely used in Europe as late as the 17th century and survives today in the Middle East, China, and Japan; an expert practitioner can compete against many modern mechanical calculating machines.
• Calculator:
  • Calculator, machine for automatically performing arithmetical operations and certain mathematical functions.
  • Modern calculators are descendants of a digital arithmetic machine devised by Blaise Pascal in 1642.
  • Later in the 17th century, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz created a more advanced machine, and, especially in the late 19th century, inventors produced calculating machines that were smaller and smaller and less and less laborious to use.
  • In the early decades of the 20th century, desktop adding machines and other calculating devices were developed. Some were key-driven, others required a rotating drum to enter sums punched into a keyboard, and later the drum was spun by an electric motor.
• A central processing unit (CPU):
  • The central processing unit (CPU), the principal part of any digital computer system, generally composed of the main memory, control unit, and arithmetic-logic unit.
  • It constitutes the physical heart of the entire computer system; to it is linked various peripheral equipment, including input/output devices and auxiliary storage units.
  • In modern computers, the CPU is contained on an integrated circuit chip called a microprocessor.
  • The control unit of the central processing unit regulates and integrates the operations of the computer.
  • It selects and retrieves instructions from the main memory in proper sequence and interprets them so as to activate the other functional elements of the system at the appropriate moment to perform their respective operations.

The correct answer is .xls.

Key Points

• The Microsoft Excel Binary File Format, with the. xls extension and referred to here as XLS, was introduced in Microsoft Office 2007.
• An XLS file is a spreadsheet file created by Microsoft Excel or another spreadsheet program, It contains one or more worksheets, which store and display data in a table format.
• XLS files may also store mathematical functions, charts, styles, and formatting.

​Extension of other important files:

• Image - JPG
• Word - Docx
• Powerpoint - ppt 
• Text - txt

The correct answer is Compression.

Key Points

•  Compression:
  • Data Compression, also called Compaction, the process of reducing the amount of data needed for the storage or transmission of a given piece of information, typically by the use of encoding techniques. 
  • Compression predates digital technology, having been used in Morse Code, which assigned the shortest codes to the most common characters, and in telephony, which cuts off high frequencies in voice transmission.
  • Today, when an uncompressed digital image may require 20 megabytes, data compression is important in storing information digitally on computer disks and in transmitting it over communications networks.

Important Points

• Fragmentation:
  • Fragmentation is an unwanted problem where the memory blocks cannot be allocated to the processes due to their small size and the blocks remain unused.
  • There are two types of fragmentation:
    • Internal Fragmentation: In this fragmentation, the process is allocated a memory block of size more than the size of that process. Due to this some part of the memory is left unused and this causes internal fragmentation.
    • External Fragmentation: In this fragmentation, although we have total space available that is needed by a process still we are not able to put that process in the memory because that space is not contiguous. This is called external fragmentation.
• Encapsulation:
  • Data Encapsulation is the process in which some extra information is added to the data item to add some features to it.
  • Data Encapsulation uses either the OSI or the TCP/IP model in our network, and the data transmission takes place through various layers in these models.
  • Data encapsulation adds the protocol information to the data so that data transmission can take place in a proper way. This information can either be added in the header or the footer of the data.