Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is RAM.

• RAM is a volatile memory while ROM is a non-volatile memory.
• While RAM allows the computer to read data to run applications, ROM stores all the application which is required to start the computer initially.
• RAM can perform both read and write operations on the information stored in it.
• ROM allows the user to read the information but not write the information. It is used to store permanent information, which is non-erasable.
• MROM, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM are different types of ROMs.

The correct answer is Arithmetic Logic Unit.

Key Points

• Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU):
  • It performs all Arithmetic Operations and Decision-Making operations.
  • Data Transfer: Which includes moving data from one location to another within the computer.
  • Arithmetic Operation: It includes addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, etc.
  • Decision Making: It is an ability to compare two quantities and perform a logical operation such as compare, true or false, etc.
  • Control Unit: It extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them, calling on the ALU, when necessary. It controls all functions and coordinates all components of the computer. It is in charge of the fetch execute cycle.
  • Central Processing Unit (CPU): The Central Processing Unit is the brain of the computer sometimes referred to simply as the central processor. It is linked with the input units and output units to form the computer system.

The correct answer is 2.

Key Points

• There are 2 control (Ctrl) keys on the keyboard.
• There are 2 Shift keys on the keyboard.
•  A Control key Ctrl is a modifier key that, when pressed in conjunction with another key, performs a special operation (for example, Ctrl + C ).
• Similar to the Shift key, the Control key rarely performs any function when pressed by itself.

Additional Information

• Longest key in keyboard - Space bar
• There is a total of 104 keys on the standard keyboard.
• Print Screen, Scroll Lock, Pause, Break, Insert, Home, Page Up, Delete, End, and Page down is all examples of control keys.  

The correct answer is Trap doors.

The Trap doors are code that recognizes some special sequence of input or is triggered by being run from a certain user ID by an unlikely sequence of events.

Key Points

• Trap Door:
  • A trap door is a secret entry point into a program that allows anyone to gain access to any system without going through the usual security access procedures.
  • It is a method of bypassing normal authentication methods.
  • Hence it is also known as a back door.
  • It is used by the Programmers to debug and test programs. 
  • It can become a threat when any dishonest programmers gain illegal access. 

Additional Information

• A standalone malicious program that may give full control of an infected PC to another PC is called Trojan horse.
• A logic bomb is a small code that is intentionally inserted into a software system and will set off a malicious function when specified conditions are met. 
• A virus is a computer program that can change and replicates itself by modifying other computer programs and inserting its own code. 

The correct answer is Gigahertz.

Key Points

• The speed of the CPU is measured in Gigahertz.
  • A central processing unit or CPU enables your computer to interact with all of the applications and installed programmes.
  • CPU interprets the program’s instructions and creates the output that is the interface.
  • The performance of the CPU has a major effect on the speed at which programs run.
  • Clock speed (also “clock rate” or “frequency”) is an important attribute to measure the performance of a processor. 
  • A higher clock speed means a faster CPU.  
  • The CPU processes many instructions from different programs every second.
  • The clock speed measures the number of cycles the CPU executes per second.
    • ​It is measured in GHz (gigahertz).
  • A “cycle” is technically a pulse synchronized by an internal oscillator.
  • During each cycle, billions of transistors within the processor open and close.
  • A CPU with a clock speed of 3.2 GHz executes 3.2 billion cycles per second.