Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is 2 only.

Key Points

• Champaran Satyagrah:-
  • The Champaran Satyagrah holds an important position in the Indian Independence Movement.
  • The tenant farmers were forced to grow Indigo crops instead of food crops.
  • The indigo and cash crops were bought by the British at very low prices which resulted in extreme poverty. Also, the British officials were hostile to the poor farmers and levied huge taxes on them.
  • This developed anger among the tenant farmers and Indian journalists like Ganesh Shankar Vidhyarthi and Peer Muneesh published the sufferings of Champaran people in their publications.
  • When the situation became unbearable, the farmers revolted against the government in indigo plant cultivation in 1914 (at Pipra) and in 1916 at (Turkaulia).
  • People like Pandit Raj Kumar Shukla and Sant Raut persuaded Mahatma Gandhi to come to Champaran to investigate the problem of peasants. Pandit Raj Kumar Shukla was himself an oppressed Indigo cultivator of the region. Hence, Statement 1 is Not correct.
  • At the request of these people, Gandhiji along with his team, that included people like Rajendra Prasad, Brajkishore Prasad,  Prasad, Maulana Mazharul Haque, Babu Gaya Prasad Singh, Ramnavmi Prasad, J.B. Kripalani, etc., arrived in Champaran in April 1917 and stayed at the house of Sant Raut in Amolwa village. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
  • Gandhi's team of lawyers comprising Babu Braj Kishore Prasad, Dr. Anugrah Narayan Sinha, and Dr. Rajendra Prasad surveyed the villages and tried to find out the injustice done to the peasants.
  • Gandhiji organized protests and strikes against the landlords who signed agreements with the British government, as the provisions of the agreement were detrimental to the poor tenant farmers.
  • Gandhiji received titles like 'Bapu' and 'Mahatma' during this agitation. He preferred to be called 'Bapu'.

The Harappan Civilization is dated between 2600 and 1900 BC.

Key Points

• There were earlier and later cultures, known as Early Harappan and Later Harappan.
• The Harappan period characterized by seals, beads, weights, stone blades, and baked bricks is called the Mature Harappan culture.
• The Reasons for the Ending of Harappan Civilization:
  •   deforestation in the area
  • climate change 
  • drying up of nearby rivers 
  • rulers lost control
  • invasion of Aryans
  • overuse of landscape 

Hence, the correct answer is (2) A, B, D.

Krishna Deva Raya of the Vijayanagar Empire was the friend of the Portuguese Governor Albuquerque, who sent an agent to offer help to Krishna Deva in his fight with the Bahamanis in return for his support against the Zamorin of Calicut. Krishna Deva did not immediately accept the offer, however, the second Portuguese ambassador succeeded in convincing him. 

The correct answer is Nagar.

Key Points

• Nagar Civilization's ancient name was Malav Province.
  • It was excavated by Dr N.K. Puri.
  • It is situated in Uniyara, Tonk.
  • Malav, Ahar coins, and Gupta's time text was also found there.
  • At present, it is known as the Kheda civilization.

Additional Information

• Nainwa civilization was excavated by Shri Krishan Dev.
  • Mahisasur Mardini terracotta statue was also found there.
• Kurada civilization excavation gave evidence about copper tools.
  • It is also known as a city of tools.
• Naliyasar civilization was excavated by Handle.
  • It is situated in Sambhar, Jaipur.
  • It gives information about the Pratihar time's temple and before the Chauhan era.

• Hyderabad started as a vassal of the Mughal dynasty in 1713, and the ruler was known as Nizam.
• Though more than 85 per cent of its population comprised of Hindus, the Muslims controlled police, army and the civil services.
• With the Indian Independence Act of 1947, the British left the princely states to decide whether they wanted to join India, Pakistan or remain independent.
• By 1948, most of the states had merged with India except Hyderabad. The Nizam’s ambitions, if realised, could have cut off north India from the south. This is because Hyderabad ran across the Deccan plateau in the centre of the Indian subcontinent, with an area of more than 80,000 square miles.
• Mir Osman Ali Khan (6 April 1886 – 24 February 1967), was the last Nizam of the Princely State of Hyderabad, the largest princely state in British India.
• He was styled as His Exalted Highness-(H.E.H.) the Nizam of Hyderabad and was one of the wealthiest individuals of all time.