Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Champaran, Ahmedabad, Kheda, Non-cooperation.

Key Points

• The tale of Champaran (Bihar) starts in the early nineteenth century when European planters forced cultivators to cultivate indigo in 3/20th of their land holdings (Tin-Kathia).
• However, when indigo became unprofitable, European planters levied higher taxes to compensate for their losses in the foreign trade.
• Gandhi succeeded in abolishing the Tin-Kathia scheme in July 1917, and the cultivators received a salary refund.
• The mill owners and employees in Ahmedabad (March 1918) were fighting over the so-called "plague bonus," which the former decided to keep after the epidemic was over.
• Due to crop failure, the peasants of Kheda district (1917-1918) were in dire straits, and the government ignored their pleas for land revenue remission.
• Kheda's peasants were already struggling due to disease, high prices, and drought.
• Gandhi went on his first hunger strike in Ahmedabad in 1918 to protest a pay increase for mill employees.

Additional Information

• The Champaran Satyagraha(19 April 1917- 13 May 1917)
  • This was his first act of civil disobedience.
• The Rowlatt Satyagraha(6 April 1919 - March 1922)
  • This was his first all-India Satyagraha.
• The Kheda Satyagraha(22 March - 5 June 1918) 
  • ​This was his first non-cooperation movement.
• The first Non-Cooperation Movement
  • ​It was founded on 1 August 1920.

The correct answer is 1-A, 2-B, 3-D, 4-C.

Additional Information

• Bengu peasant movement:
  • It was started in 1921 AD.
  • It was lead by Ram Narayan Chaudhary.
  • In Bengu, 25 types of lag-bag were taken by farmers.
• Bundi peasant movement:
  • It was started in 1922 AD.
  • Pandit Nayanuram Sharma was the main leader of it.
  • Arzi song was sung by Manikya Lal Verma in this movement.
  • Nanak Ji Bhil and Devilal Gurjar were also played a significant role in this movement.
• Nimuchana peasant movement:
  • It was started in 1925 AD.
  • Tarun Rajasthan described this movement on 31 May 1925.
  • Gandhi Ji said that it was severed from the Jaliyawala Bagh massacre and called it a double massacre.
  • Sitadevi played a significant role in it by leading women.
• Udasar peasant movement:
  • It was started in 1937 AD.
  • It was the first movement in relation to lag-bag.
  • Jeevan Chaudhary was the main leader of it.

• This war was fought in October 1764.

The correct answer is Bijolia Inscription.

• Bijolian (Vindhyavali) is famous for two rock inscriptions, both dated A.D. 1170.
  • One inscription provides the genealogy of the Chahamanas of Ajmer.
  • Other is a Jaina poem called Uttama Sikhara Purana.
• This latter inscription, incised near the shrine door of the temple of Parsvanatha, records the obeisance of Manoratha, son of Mahidhara.
• This spot gained such a wide reputation and became so holy to the Digambara Jainas that a mythological treatise called the Uttama Sikhara Purana was composed and engraved on a large rock nearby.

Key Points

• The ancient site of Bijolian (Vindhyavali) assumed importance as a holy place for the Jainas and Saivas.
• Of the two rock inscriptions, the one dated V.S. 1226 belonging to the Chahamanas records the genealogy of the Chahamanas up to the coronation of Somesvara and mentions names of several Brahmanical temples, then existing in Vindhyavali and neighbouring places.

Additional Information

• Barli Inscription, Ajmer: 
  • Barli inscription which had been discovered in the year 1912, is the oldest inscription in history which is showing Veer Samvat and no other inscription before Ashoka period has been discovered till date in the world.
  • It reveals that Jaina cult was prevalent in Madhyamika.
• Gosundi Inscription, Chittor:
  • Mentions Asvamedha Yajna by King Sarvatata.
  • Mentions about Krishna & Sankarshana (Balram)
• Ghatiyala Inscription, Jodhpur:
  • Information related to political, social & religious policies of Pratihara dynasty.