Question Discussion & Solution

By 1900 BC many Indus cities had been abandoned. Historians believe things started to fall apart around 1700 BC. There were many factors which led to the collapse of Harrapan civilisation-

One important factor was the changes to the geography and climate of the area.

• Located on the bank of Indus River in the southern province of Sindh, Mohenjodaro was built around 2400 BC. It was destroyed at least seven times by the floods and rebuilt on the top of ruins each time as there is evidence of silt on houses and streets of the civilisation.
• The main cities were closely linked to the river, so changes in the river flow would have had a terrible effect on them. Repeated flooding may have led to a build-up of salt in the soil, making it hard to grow crops.
• It is believed that at the same time, the Ghagger Hakra River (another river in the area) dried up. People were forced to abandon many of the cities located along its banks, such as Kalibangan and Banawali. 

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 The correct answer is Anjana Devi Chudhary.

Key Points

• Anjana Devi Choudhary was the first woman in Rajasthan who was arrested during the freedom movement.

Additional Information 

• Anjana Devi Choudhary was the first woman in Rajasthan who was arrested during the freedom movement.
  • Anjana Devi Chaudhary was the wife of Ram Narayan Chaudhari, and she was the first Indian Congress leader in Rajasthan who was arrested by the British Government.
  • She joined Indian Congress under influence of Mahatma Gandhi, and in 1942, she becomes the leader of the Bharat Sevak Samaj.

The correct answer is Salt Satyagraha.

Key Points

• Mahatma Gandhi sent an ultimatum to Viceroy Irwin stating eleven demands on 31 January 1930 and stated that if the demands were not fulfilled by 11 March, he would start a Civil disobedience campaign.
• On 12 March 1930, Mahatma Gandhi with his 78 volunteers started marching from Gandhiji's ashram in Sabarmati to Dandi.
• On 6 April, he reached Dandi and violated the Salt law, by manufacturing salt by boiling water.
• This movement thus marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Hence, the correct answer is Salt Satyagraha.

Additional Information

• Khilafat Movement was led by the Ali brothers, Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali in India.
  • It was later united with the Non-Cooperation Movement.
• The Ghadar Movement was an early 20th century, international political movement founded by expatriate Indians to overthrow British rule in India.

The correct answer is the Neemuchana massacre.

• Neemuchana is situated near Alwar where the armies of the princely state and the Britishers open fire on innocent people.

Key Points

• At the time of settlement in 1924, taxes on farmers were increased by 25%.
• This aroused a spirit of rebellion among the peasants and Shekhawati Rajputs.
• 'Kisan Sabha' was organized on 16 May 1925 in Neemuchana where armies of princely states and Britishers open fire on innocent people.

 Mangarhdham massacre is known as the 'Jallianwala Bagh tragedy of Rajasthan' but it took place in 1908 and Mahatma Gandhi did not address it as mentioned in the question.

The correct answer is Lala Hansraj.

Key Points

• Anglo Vedic college or schools are also known as Dayanand Anglo Vedic schools.
• Dayanand Anglo Vedic (DAV) Schools were founded in 1886 at Lahore by the efforts of Mahatma Hansraj.

Confusion Points

• It was not founded by Swamy Dayanand Saraswati
• In the name and memory of Swami Dayanand Saraswati, Lala Hans Raj established it.
• The schools were run by the Dayanand Anglo-Vedic College Trust & Management Society, also known as the Dayanand Anglo-Vedic Education Society.
• DAV institutions are the best place to study and work together.
• Under the DAV family, there are 900 schools, 75 colleges, and a university.
• “DAV Movement” founded in 1886 by Lala Lajpat Rai(Father of DAV Movement) picked up momentum due to the arduous efforts of Mahatma Hans Raj, Pandit Gurudutt Vidyarthi and may other dedicated as the Arya Samaj activist.