Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• Plan Balkan
  • Between March and May of 1947, Viceroy Mountbatten decided that the Cabinet Mission Plan had become untenable and formulated an alternative plan.
  • This plan envisaged the transfer of power to separate provinces (or to a confederation, if formed before the transfer), with Punjab and Bengal given the option to vote for partition of their provinces. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.
  • The various units thus formed along with the princely states (rendered independent by lapse of paramountcy) would have the option of joining India or Pakistan or remaining separate.
  • This plan was prepared by a committee that included General Sir Hastings Ismay, Sir George Abell, and Lord Mountbatten.
  • The Plan proposed provinces are declared independent successor states and then be allowed to choose whether to join the constituent assembly or not.
  • As per this plan all the provinces viz. Madras, Bombay, United Provinces of Bengal, Punjab & northwest Frontier, etc. were proposed to be declared Independent.
  • When heard about the plan, Nehru rejected it right away and told the British that this plan would invite the Balkanization of India.
  • The plan was quickly abandoned after Nehru reacted violently to it.
  • It was also called Dickie Bird Plan.

The Battle of Dewair 1582 was fought between Maharana Pratap and Mughal officer Sultan Khan.

• Maharana Pratap attacked the Mughal fortification of Dewair which was led by the Mughal officer Sultan Khan.
• Maharana Pratap's son Amar Singh killed Sultan Khan and the Mughal army was forced to give up Dewair and retreat.
• 32000 Mughal army surrendered to Maharana Pratap.
• After the Battle of Dewair, Maharana Pratap continued his campaign and by 1586 AD had regained most of Mewar other than Chittor, Ajmer and Mandalgarh. 

Additional Information

Lets' look at some battles of Rajasthan:

The correct answer is Salt Satyagraha.

Key Points

• Mahatma Gandhi sent an ultimatum to Viceroy Irwin stating eleven demands on 31 January 1930 and stated that if the demands were not fulfilled by 11 March, he would start a Civil disobedience campaign.
• On 12 March 1930, Mahatma Gandhi with his 78 volunteers started marching from Gandhiji's ashram in Sabarmati to Dandi.
• On 6 April, he reached Dandi and violated the Salt law, by manufacturing salt by boiling water.
• This movement thus marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Hence, the correct answer is Salt Satyagraha.

Additional Information

• Khilafat Movement was led by the Ali brothers, Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali in India.
  • It was later united with the Non-Cooperation Movement.
• The Ghadar Movement was an early 20th century, international political movement founded by expatriate Indians to overthrow British rule in India.

The correct answer is Sawai Jai Singh.

• Sawai Jai Singh translated the Euclid text 'Elements of Geometry in Sanskrit'.
  • He was the son of Vishnu Singh.
  • The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb gave him the title of Sawai.
  • He gave his support to the Mughal emperor Azam in the Jajau war.
  • He participated in the Debari Pact.
  • He built Jantar Mantar in Jaipur in 1728 AD.
  • He founded the city of Jaipur in 1727 AD.
  • He defeated Abhay Singh of Marwar in the Gangwana battle in 1741 AD.
  • Jai Singh Karika text was written by himself.

Key Points

Jantar Mantar

Additional Information

• Ishwari Singh-
  • ​He was the son of Sawai Jai Singh, who became the ruler in 1743 AD.
  • According to the Debari agreement, Madho Singh was about to become the first king, so Madho Singh revolted against Ishwari Singh.
  • He fought the battle of Rajmahal against his brother Madho Singh I in 1747 AD and defeated Madho Singh, on this occasion he built Sargasuli (Isherlat) in Jaipur.
  • He also fought the battle of Bagru with Madho Singh I, Malhar Rao Holkar, Umaid Singh, and Durjan Shal in August 1747 AD and lost this battle.
  • He defeated the army of Ahmad Shah Abdali in the Manpur war in 1748 AD.
  • He committed suicide by jumping from Isherlat in 1750 AD along with his three queens.
• Mansingh I-
  • He was the son of Bhagwantdas.
  • His first coronation was happened in Patna, while his second coronation happened in Amer.
  • He was one of the Navratans of Akbar.
  • The Mughal emperor Akbar gave him the titles of Farzand and Raja.
  • He also received seven thousand Mansabdari from the Akbar.
  • He firstly went for the Ranthambhore campaign in 1569 AD with Akbar.
  • He was the chief commander of Akbar in the Haldighati battle.
• Jagat Singh II-
  • He became ruler after Sawai Pratap Singh.
  • He fought the Gingoli battle with the Jodhpur state due to the Krishna kumari marriage dispute.
  • He did a treaty with the East India Company in 1818 AD.

The correct answer is Simuka.

Key Points

• The founder of the Satavahana dynasty was Simuka.
• The Satavahanas established their independent rule after the decline of the Mauryas.
• Satavahanas ruled over parts of western and central India.
• They were also known as the Andhras.
• The Puranas and inscriptions remain important sources for the history of Satavahanas.
• Important inscriptions:
  • The Nasik and Nanaghad inscriptions throw much light on the reign of Gautamiputra Satakarni. 
• Satvahana rulers worshipped a large number of Vaishnava gods such as Krishna, Vasudeva, and others.
• The official language of the Satavahanas was Prakrit.

Additional Information

• Gautamiputra Satakarni:
  • He was the greatest ruler of the Satavahana dynasty.
  • He took his name after his mother.
  • He ruled for a period of 24 years from 106 to 130 A.D.
• Hala:
  • ​He was the 17th King of the Satavahana dynasty.
  • He wrote books on Gathasaptasati and Sattasai.
• Vasudeva:
  • ​The founder of the Kanva dynasty
  • He assassinated the last ruler of the Sunga dynasty.