Question Discussion & Solution

Mohenjo-Daro lies on the bank of the Indus river in the Larkana district of Sindh Province of Pakistan.

Key Points

• It was discovered by Mr. R D Banerji in 1922 and it was designated as UNESCO's World heritage site in 1980.
• It is among the world's oldest sites of settlements in ancient times and it is the largest site of settlement in Indus Valley Civilisation.
• A large Building with a massive wooden superstructure which seemed to be Great Granary(Grain Storage Bays) was discovered by Sir Mortimer Wheeler as well as the large public bath was also discovered nearby and called Great Bath.

The correct answer is Sawai Jai Singh.

• Sawai Jai Singh translated the Euclid text 'Elements of Geometry in Sanskrit'.
  • He was the son of Vishnu Singh.
  • The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb gave him the title of Sawai.
  • He gave his support to the Mughal emperor Azam in the Jajau war.
  • He participated in the Debari Pact.
  • He built Jantar Mantar in Jaipur in 1728 AD.
  • He founded the city of Jaipur in 1727 AD.
  • He defeated Abhay Singh of Marwar in the Gangwana battle in 1741 AD.
  • Jai Singh Karika text was written by himself.

Key Points

Jantar Mantar

Additional Information

• Ishwari Singh-
  • ​He was the son of Sawai Jai Singh, who became the ruler in 1743 AD.
  • According to the Debari agreement, Madho Singh was about to become the first king, so Madho Singh revolted against Ishwari Singh.
  • He fought the battle of Rajmahal against his brother Madho Singh I in 1747 AD and defeated Madho Singh, on this occasion he built Sargasuli (Isherlat) in Jaipur.
  • He also fought the battle of Bagru with Madho Singh I, Malhar Rao Holkar, Umaid Singh, and Durjan Shal in August 1747 AD and lost this battle.
  • He defeated the army of Ahmad Shah Abdali in the Manpur war in 1748 AD.
  • He committed suicide by jumping from Isherlat in 1750 AD along with his three queens.
• Mansingh I-
  • He was the son of Bhagwantdas.
  • His first coronation was happened in Patna, while his second coronation happened in Amer.
  • He was one of the Navratans of Akbar.
  • The Mughal emperor Akbar gave him the titles of Farzand and Raja.
  • He also received seven thousand Mansabdari from the Akbar.
  • He firstly went for the Ranthambhore campaign in 1569 AD with Akbar.
  • He was the chief commander of Akbar in the Haldighati battle.
• Jagat Singh II-
  • He became ruler after Sawai Pratap Singh.
  • He fought the Gingoli battle with the Jodhpur state due to the Krishna kumari marriage dispute.
  • He did a treaty with the East India Company in 1818 AD.

The correct answer is Lothal.

Key Points

Lothal:

• A massive dockyard was found in the Harappan city of Lothal. (Hence option 3 is correct.)
• Harappa port-town of Lothal is located along the Bhogava river, a tributary of Sabarmati, in the Gulf of Khambat.
• This was an important centre for making objects out of stone, shell, and metal.

Indus Civilization:

• It is also known as the Harappan Civilization.
• Time period: 2300 and 1750 BCE
• The main occupations of the people were agriculture and the domestication of animals.
• Trade was of the barter type.
• Bronze and copper vessels are outstanding examples of the Harappan metal craft.
• Town planning: 
  • Grid system: Roads were wide and cut each other at a right angle, houses were built in a systematic manner.
  • Use of burnt bricks
  • Every house had its own courtyard and bathroom.
  • Underground drainage system (connecting all houses to the street drains)

Additional Information

🔑 Key Points

• Charaka was one of the principal contributors to Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine.
• He is credited with writing the 'Charaka Samhita', a foundational text of Ayurveda, earning him the title 'Father of Indian Medicine'.

The correct answer is Pradyumna Shah.

• Pradyumna Shah was killed in the battle of Khurbura in 1804 A.D.

Key Points

• Pradyumna Shah, king of Garhwal fought ferocious with Gurkha invaders from Nepal, was killed in the battle of Khurbura in Dehradun in 1804.
• Battle of Khurbura or Battle of Khudbuda occurred in May 1804 near the modern-day village of Dehradun "Khurbura".
• The battle is regarded as the first major attack in the history of the Garhwal Kingdom that triggered between Gurkha forces and Maharaja Pradyumna Shah and continued for 13 days until the Garhwal king was defeated.
• It was chiefly regarded as the only defeat of his life and the victory of Gurkhas.
• Khurbura is now a small colony without any remains of the bloody battle in which Pradyumna Shah was killed by a bullet while fighting the Gurkhas with his sword.

​Important Points

Garhwal Kingdom 

• The Garhwal Kingdom was an independent kingdom in the current north-western Himalayan state of Uttarakhand, India.
• The Garhwal Kingdom was founded in 823 AD by Kanak Pal.
• The kingdom was divided into two parts during the British Raj, namely: the princely state of Garhwal and the Garhwal District of British India.
  • During this period, the princely state of Garhwal was one of the States of the Punjab Hills which became part of the Punjab Hill States Agency although it was not under the Punjab Province administration.
  • The princely state of Garhwal or Independent Garhwal consisted of the present-day Tehri Garhwal district and most of the Uttarkashi district. This former state acceded to the Union of India in August 1949.