Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Pradyumna Shah.

• Pradyumna Shah was killed in the battle of Khurbura in 1804 A.D.

Key Points

• Pradyumna Shah, king of Garhwal fought ferocious with Gurkha invaders from Nepal, was killed in the battle of Khurbura in Dehradun in 1804.
• Battle of Khurbura or Battle of Khudbuda occurred in May 1804 near the modern-day village of Dehradun "Khurbura".
• The battle is regarded as the first major attack in the history of the Garhwal Kingdom that triggered between Gurkha forces and Maharaja Pradyumna Shah and continued for 13 days until the Garhwal king was defeated.
• It was chiefly regarded as the only defeat of his life and the victory of Gurkhas.
• Khurbura is now a small colony without any remains of the bloody battle in which Pradyumna Shah was killed by a bullet while fighting the Gurkhas with his sword.

​Important Points

Garhwal Kingdom 

• The Garhwal Kingdom was an independent kingdom in the current north-western Himalayan state of Uttarakhand, India.
• The Garhwal Kingdom was founded in 823 AD by Kanak Pal.
• The kingdom was divided into two parts during the British Raj, namely: the princely state of Garhwal and the Garhwal District of British India.
  • During this period, the princely state of Garhwal was one of the States of the Punjab Hills which became part of the Punjab Hill States Agency although it was not under the Punjab Province administration.
  • The princely state of Garhwal or Independent Garhwal consisted of the present-day Tehri Garhwal district and most of the Uttarkashi district. This former state acceded to the Union of India in August 1949.

The Correct Answer is Option 1.

• Harappan culture planned its towns with their chessboard system, streets, drainage pipes, and chess pits.
• Rectangular houses with brick-line bathrooms and wells together with their stairways are found in all Harappan sites.
• Harappans have well connected central drainage system.
• Harappa is known as the city of granaries.
• The extraordinary uniformity of Harappa Civilization of artecrafts is evident in pottery, seals, bricks and weights. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.

• The late Harappa sites did not maintain the same construction techniques as were used in mature Harappa sites. Hence, Statement 2 is NOT correct.

The correct answer is 1906.

• The Indian National Congress (INC) was founded by Allan Octavian Hume on 28th December 1885.
• The first session of INC was held in Bombay at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit Collegeram.
• The first President of the INC session held in Bombay was Womesh Chandra Banerjee.
• 72 delegates attended the session.
• The important leaders during the foundation of INC were Dadabhai Naoroji, Badruddin Tyyabji, Anand Mohan Bose, R.C Dutt, Pherozshah Mehta, G.K Gokhale, G. Subramaniyam Aiyyar, Dinshaw Vacha, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Mahadev Govind Ranade, Madan Mohan Malviya, etc.
• Formerly Indian National Congress was known as Indian National Union.
• The INC was formed during the tenure of Lord Dufferin (Viceroy of India from 1884-1888).
• The word swaraj means Self-rule or Independence.
• Swaraj was first articulated in the presidential address of Dadabhai Naoroji as the Congress's goal in its Calcutta Session in 1906.
• The great freedom fighter Bal Gangadhar Tilak said "Swaraj is my birthright and I will have It".

The correct answer is Gujarat

Key Points

• The British in 1882 prohibited Indians from collecting or selling salt, a staple in their diet, and called it as Salt Law.
• Defying the Salt Act, Gandhi simply made Indians break the British law nonviolently.
• The Salt Satyagraha (Dandi March), which took place from March to April 1930 in India.
• It was an act of civil disobedience led by M.K Gandhi to protest British rule in India.
• During the march, thousands of Indians followed Gandhi from his religious retreat near Ahmedabad (Gujarat).
• The march resulted in the arrest of nearly 60,000 people, including Gandhi himself.

Additional Information

• About Mahatma Gandhi:
  • Mahatma Gandhi (Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi) was born on October 2, 1869.
  • He died January 30, 1948, in Delhi, and the day is celebrated as Shaheed Diwas or Martyrs' Day.
• His autobiography is titled My Experiments with Truth.
• Other Important movements led by Mahatma Gandhi:
  • ​Champaran Movement (1917)
  • Kheda Movement (1918)
  • Khilafat Movement (1919)
  • Non Cooperation Movement (1920-22)
  • Quit India Movement (1942)

• This war was fought in October 1764.