Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Pandit Nehru and Maulana Azad.

• Jawaharlal Nehru and Maulana Azad were official Congress negotiators for Cripps Mission.

Key Points

• On 11 March 1942, Churchill announced that the British government had prepared a plan to overcome India's political deadlock and Sir Stafford Crips would be sent to India.
• Sir Cripps was also a member of the British Cabinet and actively supported the Indian National Movement.
• The Cripps Mission provided for a separate constitution for other provinces of India, whose hidden goal was to divide India into pieces.
• This proposal was against the principle of national unity of India.

The correct answer is Fa-Hien.

Key Points

•  Fa-Hien (405-411 A.D.):
  • Fa-Hien Visited India during the reign of Chandragupta-II.
  • He was the first Chinese Buddhist monk to travel to India in search of Buddhist Scriptures.
  • He gave a detailed account of Buddhist monasteries, life, and teachings of Buddhists at that time.
  • He mentions about Untouchability that prevailed in India during that time. Hence, option 4 is correct.
  • In his memoirs, he notes that the chandalas lived outside the village and had to maintain distance from the upper castes.
  • The chandalas suffered such glaring lack of privilege that whenever they entered towns or market places they would strike a piece of wood to announce their arrival so that the others might not touch them and get polluted.

The correct answer is 1907 AD.

Key Points

•  Sarv Hitkarini Sabha was established by Gopal Das in 1907 AD.
  • This sabha did work for social and political awareness in people.
  • Putri Pathsala for women's education was established by this sabha.
  • Kabir Pathsala for untouchable's education was also established by this sabha.

Additional Information

• On 26 January 1930 AD, Chandanmal Bahad and Gopal Das hoisted the flag on Dharmstup (Churu's top Mountain).
• Gopal Das was the disciple of Pt. Kanhaiya Lal Dund.

• The book “Arthashashtra” is based on the ‘Political thoughts Military Strategy, Economic Policy of Kautilya’.
• It was a book written by Kautilya, also known as Chanakya.
• It was written in Sanskrit language and deals with matters like state affairs, economic policy, and military strategy.

​The correct answer is 1739.

• In 1739 Nadir Shah invaded India and sacked Delhi.
  • The Battle of Karnal, was a decisive victory for Nader Shah, the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Iran, during his invasion of India.
  • Nadir Shah advanced towards India in 1738. He captured the western frontiers of the Mughal Empire such as Kabul, Ghazni, Lahore in 1739.
  • The two forces of Nadir Shah and Muhammad Shah met at Karnal. At the battle of Karnal on 13 February 1739, Nadir Shah easily outnumbered the Mughal forces.
  • The battle lasted for less than three hours and the Mughal emperor, Muhammad Shah surrendered. Both the rulers now entered Delhi on 12 March 1739 and Delhi was handed over to Nadir Shah, along with all its treasures.
  • In 1739, Nadir Shah, the emperor of Iran, conquered and enslaved the city of Delhi and took away immense quantities of money.
  • Shah's army had easily defeated the Mughals in the battle of Karnal and in the aftermath of the battle, would eventually capture the Mughal Capital.

Key Points

• The whole city of Delhi was destroyed, looted, plundered, and ruined by the army of Nadir Shah.
• Nadir Shah took with him the Peacock throne built by Shah Jahan. He also took the legendary Koh-i-Noor diamond.
• Besides this, he plundered gold worth 10 million rupees, 600 million rupees worth of jewellery, and coins worth 6 million rupees.
• Historians said that his overall collection after invading India, was 700 million rupees worth, including 7000 craftsmen, 200 carpenters, 100 stone-cutters, and thousands of elephants, horses, and camels, which he took with him to Persia.

Additional Information

• Nader Shah Afshar was the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Iran and one of the most powerful Iranian rulers in Iranian history.
• He was born on  22 November 1688 in Dargaz, Safavid Iran.
• In the spring of 1730, Nader attacked Iran's archrival the Ottomans and regained most of the territory lost during the recent chaos. At the same time, the Abdali Afghans rebelled and besieged Mashhad, forcing Nader to suspend his campaign and save his brother, Ebrahim.