Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Sheel Bhadra Yajee.

Key Points

• Sheel Bhadra Yajee joined Subhas Chandra Bose to found All India Forward Bloc and actively associated with the INA movement.
• Sheel Bhadra Yajee:
  • Sheel Bhadra Yajee was a social activist from Bihar who was associated with the non-violent and violent form of the Indian independence movement.
  • Pandit Sheel Bhadra Yajee birth took on 22 March 1906 at Bhaktiyarpur village in Patna district of Bihar.
  • He was the only child of Pandit Shivtahal Yajee and Smt. Reshma Yajee.
  • Sheel Bhadra mother died when he was just 10-years-old.
  • Yajee's involvement in the freedom movement began in 1928 when, as a student, he attended the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress.
  • He affixed to the Congress Socialist Party four years later and became involved in the Kisan movement.
  • Later, he came in near touch with Subhas Chandra Bose and Mahatma Gandhi.

Additional Information

• Subhas Chandra Bose:
  • Subhas Chandra Bose was an Indian nationalist whose defiant patriotism made him a hero in India.
  • His attempts during World War II to rid India of British rule with the help of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan left a troubled legacy.
  • Subhash Chandra Bose was twice elected President of the Indian National Congress, (1938-Haripur and 1939-Tripuri) the country’s most important political force for freedom from the Raj or British rule.
  • Owing to political differences, he resigned from the Congress Presidentship in 1939 and organised the All India Forward Bloc a faction within the Congress in Bengal.
  • The purpose was to consolidate the political left and major support base in his home state Bengal.
• Jai Prakash Narayan:
  • In 1948, he left the Congress Party and initiated an anti-Congress Campaign.
  • In 1952, he formed the Praja Socialist Party (PSP).
  • In 1954, he devoted his life exclusively to the Bhoodan Yajna Movement, of Vinoba Bhave, which demanded land redistribution to the landless.
  • In 1959 he argued for a “reconstruction of Indian polity” by means of a four-tier hierarchy of village, district, state, and union councils (Chaukhamba Raj).
  • He started Total Revolution: Against Indira Gandhi Regime as she was found guilty of violating electoral laws by the Allahabad High Court.
  • He advocated a program of social transformation which he termed ‘Sampoorna Kranti' (total revolution) in 1974 against corruption in public life.
• Baikunth Shukla:
  • Shaheed Baikunth Shukla was an Indian nationalist and revolutionary.
  • He was the nephew of Yogendra Shukla, one of the founders of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA).
  • Baikunth Shukla was hanged for murdering Traitor Phanindra Nath Ghosh who had become a government approver which led to the hanging of Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thapar and ShivRam Rajguru.
  • Baikunth Shukla was also initiated into the freedom struggle at a young age taking an active part in the Salt Satyagraha of 1930.
  • He was associated with revolutionary organisations like the Hindustan Seva Dal and HSRA.
  • The execution of Indian revolutionaries Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev in 1931 as a result of their trial in the Lahore conspiracy case was an event that shook the entire country.

The correct answer is Sawai Pratap Singh.

Key Points

• Sawai Pratap Singh-
  • He was the son of Madho Singh I.
  • He faced the maximum number of Maratha attacks during his reign.
  • The Tunga battle was fought between him and Mahadji Scindia in 1787 AD.
  • Patan battle was also fought between him and Mahadji Scindia in 1790 AD.
  • He was also a poet, he used to write poems in the name of Brijnidhi.
  • His poems were compiled in Brijnidhi Granthavali.
  • He sheltered Vanshidhar Bhatt and encouraged Tamasha folk theatre.
  • In his court, there was a congregation of 22 musicians and scholars known as Gandharva Baisi.
  • Hawa Mahal was built by him in 1799 AD.

Additional Information

• Mirza Raja Jai Singh-
  • He was the son of Man Singh I.
  • He served three Mughal kings (Jahangir, Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb).
  • He received the title of Mirza Raja from Shah Jahan when he was going for the Gandhara campaign.
  • His first campaign was against Malik Ambar of Ahmed Nagar in 1623 AD.
  • In the Battle of Dharmat (1658 AD), he sided with Darashikoh against Aurangzeb.
  • In 1665 AD, he signed a treaty with Shivaji, known as the Treaty of Purandar.
  • The foreign Manuchi has described this eye-sight treaty.
• Jagat Singh II-
  • He became ruler after Sawai Pratap Singh.
  • He fought the Gingoli battle with Jodhpur due to the Krishna Kumari marriage dispute.
  • He did a treaty with the East India Company in 1818 AD.
• Madho Singh I-
  • He became ruler after Ishwari Singh.
  • In his reign, Jaipur's civilians murdered Maratha army men.
  • He established Sawai Madhopur city in 1763 AD.
  • He fought the Kakod battle with Malhar Rav Holkar.
  • He built alike nine palaces for his nine queens in the Nahargarh fort.

• The correct answer is option 3, i.e., Both I and II.

Key Points

• Mohenjodaro had a Great Bath in which important people used to take a dip on special occasions.
• Great Bath was a very special tank built on the citadel, the higher part on the left side of the city.
• The Great Bath was lined with bricks coated with plaster and made water-tight with a layer of natural tar.
• The steps used to lead down to it from two sides, and there used to be rooms on all sides of the Great Bath.
• Water in the tank was brought from the well and drained out after use.
• Important people used to take bath in this tank on special occasions.

Thus, we can say that both the statement are correct.

​The correct answer is 1739.

• In 1739 Nadir Shah invaded India and sacked Delhi.
  • The Battle of Karnal, was a decisive victory for Nader Shah, the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Iran, during his invasion of India.
  • Nadir Shah advanced towards India in 1738. He captured the western frontiers of the Mughal Empire such as Kabul, Ghazni, Lahore in 1739.
  • The two forces of Nadir Shah and Muhammad Shah met at Karnal. At the battle of Karnal on 13 February 1739, Nadir Shah easily outnumbered the Mughal forces.
  • The battle lasted for less than three hours and the Mughal emperor, Muhammad Shah surrendered. Both the rulers now entered Delhi on 12 March 1739 and Delhi was handed over to Nadir Shah, along with all its treasures.
  • In 1739, Nadir Shah, the emperor of Iran, conquered and enslaved the city of Delhi and took away immense quantities of money.
  • Shah's army had easily defeated the Mughals in the battle of Karnal and in the aftermath of the battle, would eventually capture the Mughal Capital.

Key Points

• The whole city of Delhi was destroyed, looted, plundered, and ruined by the army of Nadir Shah.
• Nadir Shah took with him the Peacock throne built by Shah Jahan. He also took the legendary Koh-i-Noor diamond.
• Besides this, he plundered gold worth 10 million rupees, 600 million rupees worth of jewellery, and coins worth 6 million rupees.
• Historians said that his overall collection after invading India, was 700 million rupees worth, including 7000 craftsmen, 200 carpenters, 100 stone-cutters, and thousands of elephants, horses, and camels, which he took with him to Persia.

Additional Information

• Nader Shah Afshar was the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Iran and one of the most powerful Iranian rulers in Iranian history.
• He was born on  22 November 1688 in Dargaz, Safavid Iran.
• In the spring of 1730, Nader attacked Iran's archrival the Ottomans and regained most of the territory lost during the recent chaos. At the same time, the Abdali Afghans rebelled and besieged Mashhad, forcing Nader to suspend his campaign and save his brother, Ebrahim.

The correct answer is Durga.

Key Points

• The Vedic period is divided into the Early Vedic period and the Later Vedic period.
• During the early Vedic period, there were mainly 33 Gods.
• They were Prithvi, Agni, Soma, Brahaspati, Rivers, Indra, Rudra, Surya, Varuna, Aditi, Usha, and Ashvin.
• Among these Indra, Agni and Varuna were the most popular during that period.
• During the later Vedic period, previous Gods lost their relevance, and now Prajapati (creator of the Universe) also known as Brahma, Vishnu, and Rudra (Shiva) become the main Gods.