Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Swadeshi Movement.

Key Points

• Swadeshi Movement started after the partition of Bengal.
• Swadeshi Movement:
  • Swadeshi movement was one of the most successful movements of the Pre-Gandhian era.
  • The movement finds itself in the backdrop of the mendicant policies of the early nationalist leaders who resisted the Un-British-like rule in India but believed in the English monarchy.
  • The major cause of the Swadeshi movement can be attributed to the partition of Bengal in 1905 which was seen by the Indian nationalist as a divisionary tactic of Britishers to weaken the Bengali (Bhadralok) intelligentsia class which was seen as a cradle of Indian resistance.

Additional Information

• Events and their occurrence years:
  • Civil Disobedience Movement - March 12, 1930.
  • Swadeshi Movement - 1905.
  • Quit India Movement - August 1942.
  • Non-Cooperation Movement - 1 August 1920.

The correct answer is Shanta Trivedi.

Key Points

Shanta Trivedi-

• She was born in Nagpur, Maharastra.
• She was married to Parasram Trivedi.
• She established Rajasthan women's council in 1947 AD.
• She also did work for women's education and untouchability eradication.

Additional Information

Khetu Bai-

• She was born in Bikaner, Rajasthan.
• She was the sister of freedom fighter Vaidh Magharam.
• She leads the women in the Dudha- Khara peasant movement.
• She pledged to wear lifelong khadi.

Laxmi Devi Acharya-

• She was married to Shri ram Acharya.
• She was the founder member of Bikaner Prajamandal.
• She also became president of Bikaner Prajamandal.
• She also took part in Swadeshi and civil disobedience movement.

Janaki Devi Bajaj-

• She was born in Jawra, Madhya Pradesh.
• She was married to Jamna Lal Bajaj.
• She became president of Gau Seva Sangh after Jamna Lal Bajaj's death.
• She became president of Jaipur Prajamandal's 1944 AD convention.
• She built 108 wells during Vinoba Bhave's Bhu-Dan movement.
• She was honored with Padam Vibhusan in 1956 AD.

The correct answer is The partition of Bengal done by Lord Curzon.

Key Points

• The immediate cause for the launch of the Swadeshi Movement was the partition of Bengal done by Lord Curzon.
• Swadeshi Movement
  • This was a comprehensive movement that lasted 6 years.
  • Although this was regarded as a cultural movement celebrating the rich harvest of history, the rich traditions like folk music, paintings, the culture of Bengal were highlighted.
  • But very soon, it got integrated with the political upheavals that followed after the partition of Bengal. Krishna Kumar Mitra, in his newspaper, ‘Sanjivani’ highlighted the prospects of national education and ‘Economic Swadeshi’.
  • Very soon, this movement started gaining momentum with the help of the entire Bengali middle-class intelligentsia.
  • After the partition of Bengal, the Swadeshi movement got a big boost, because of the integration of the boycott movement with the Swadeshi movement.
  • Tilak called this movement “Bahishkar Yoga“ and most of the Bengali intelligentsia that was initially not in favor of the boycott movement got integrated with the Swadeshi movement.
  • This was primary learning for the national movement.
  • According to Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Lala Lajpat Rai, it was training in ‘self-determination’, ‘self-help’, and ‘self-reliance’.

Additional Information

• Lord Curzon
  • Curzon came up with the idea to suppress the rising tide of nationalism.
  • With the publication of the book, ‘Indian Musalman’, by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, and with his active alliance, the attitude of the British towards Muslims changed significantly.
  • Thus Curzon wanted to ensure that the minority consciousness should be used against the majority and that this would then break the solidarity of Indian society, and in turn, break the solidarity of the Indian National Movement as well.
  • Thus, his active agenda was to create a feeling of minority consciousness.
  • The ‘Partition of Bengal’ was at the core of his policies.
  • The population of Bengal was balanced - where Hindus and Muslims were numerically almost equal.
  • Their consciousness was that of a Bengali consciousness and not at all a religious contradiction between Hindus and Muslims, and the Bengali intelligentsia was primarily responsible for the spread of nationalism in different parts of India.

The correct answer All of the above.

Key Points

Palaeolithic period:

• During the Paleolithic period, the man was a hunter and food gatherer. The human being used to use simple chipped and chopped type stone tools for hunting and other purposes.
• The palaeolithic period is divided into three phases:
  • Lower Paleolithic period
  • Middle Paleolithic period
  • Upper Paleolithic period
• List of Palaeolithic sites in Madhya Pradesh:
  • ​Agni River valley
  • Kundala
  • Lonar
  • Sagar
  • Bhopal
  • Gwalior
  • Pahargarh
  • Pachmarhi (engravings and Paintings)
  • Adamgarh (rock art and paintings)
  • Bhimbetaka (rock art and paintings)

🔑 Key Points

• The Indian National Congress was founded in Bombay in 1885 by A.O. Hume.
• At that time, Lord Dufferin was the Viceroy of India (1884-1888).