Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is option 3 i.e., c only (Kalibangan).

• The worship of Fire in the Indus Valley is proved by the discovery of the Fire altar in forts & residences at Kalibangan & Lothal.
• At Surkotada, throughout, a compact citadel and residential complex have been found, but no city complex has been unearthed. The remains of horse bones were found at Surkotda.
• Alamgirpur was discovered in 1974 by Punjab University which was named initially as "Parasaram-ka-Khera". It is located in Meerut district in Uttar Pradesh, India.
• Chanhudaro is located in Sindh province in Pakistan which belonged to the Indus Valley Civilisation and it is considered to have been a centre for manufacturing carnelian beads.
• Other important sites are:-

The correct answer is 24.

Key Points

• The national flag has three horizontal stripes of equal proportions in the tricolour -
  • The saffron colour at the top
  • White at the middle 
  • Green at the bottom.
• The length-width ratio of the flag is 3: 2. There is a blue circle in the middle of the white stripe.
• The saffron colour at the top shows the strength and courage of the country.
• The white stripe in the middle is a sign of peace and truth with the Dharma Chakra.
• The green colour signifies the auspiciousness, growth, and fertility of the country.
• Its format is taken from the chakra built on the Lion Pillar of Ashoka in Sarnath.
• Its diameter is approximately equal to the width of the white band and it has 24 spokes.
• The constituent assembly of India adopted the format of the national flag on 22 July 1947.

Additional Information

• The Indian national flag tricolour was designed by Pingali Venkayya.
• The "National Flag" symbolizes the independence and sovereignty of any country.
• In 1947 a committee was formed under the chairmanship of Rajendra Prasad to select the national flag of India.
• The Supreme Court in 2002 declared the right to hoist the flag as a fundamental right under Article 19 (i) (a) of the constitution.

The correct answer is Abdul Gaffar Khan.

Key Points

• George Yule became the president of INC in 1888 (Allahabad).
• He was the founder of George Yule and Co.
• Alfred Webb became the president of INC in 1894 at the Madras session.
• Nawab Syed Mohammed became the president of INC in 1913 (Karachi).

Additional Information

• In 1885, WC Bannerjee became the first president of INC at the Bombay session.
• In 1886, Dadabhai Naroji became the second president of INC at the Calcutta session.
• In 1887, Badruddin Taiyabji became the third president of INC and also became the first Muslim president of INC at Madras Session.

• Lothal is one of the places of Indus Valley Civilization located presently in India.
• It is located near Saragwala, a village in the Ahmedabad district of the state Gujarat.
• The word Lothal means “the mount of the dead”.

The correct answer is Sawai Pratap Singh.

Key Points

• Sawai Pratap Singh-
  • He was the son of Madho Singh I.
  • He faced the maximum number of Maratha attacks during his reign.
  • The Tunga battle was fought between him and Mahadji Scindia in 1787 AD.
  • Patan battle was also fought between him and Mahadji Scindia in 1790 AD.
  • He was also a poet, he used to write poems in the name of Brijnidhi.
  • His poems were compiled in Brijnidhi Granthavali.
  • He sheltered Vanshidhar Bhatt and encouraged Tamasha folk theatre.
  • In his court, there was a congregation of 22 musicians and scholars known as Gandharva Baisi.
  • Hawa Mahal was built by him in 1799 AD.

Additional Information

• Mirza Raja Jai Singh-
  • He was the son of Man Singh I.
  • He served three Mughal kings (Jahangir, Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb).
  • He received the title of Mirza Raja from Shah Jahan when he was going for the Gandhara campaign.
  • His first campaign was against Malik Ambar of Ahmed Nagar in 1623 AD.
  • In the Battle of Dharmat (1658 AD), he sided with Darashikoh against Aurangzeb.
  • In 1665 AD, he signed a treaty with Shivaji, known as the Treaty of Purandar.
  • The foreign Manuchi has described this eye-sight treaty.
• Jagat Singh II-
  • He became ruler after Sawai Pratap Singh.
  • He fought the Gingoli battle with Jodhpur due to the Krishna Kumari marriage dispute.
  • He did a treaty with the East India Company in 1818 AD.
• Madho Singh I-
  • He became ruler after Ishwari Singh.
  • In his reign, Jaipur's civilians murdered Maratha army men.
  • He established Sawai Madhopur city in 1763 AD.
  • He fought the Kakod battle with Malhar Rav Holkar.
  • He built alike nine palaces for his nine queens in the Nahargarh fort.