Question Discussion & Solution

• The first Jain Mahasabha was held at Pataliputra(now known as Patna).
• It was held in the beginning of the 3^rd century BC by Sthulabahu.
• The second councils were held simultaneously at Mathura and Vallabhi and the third at Vallabhi.
• The Jain councils are associated with the revision and improvement of their sacred text termed as Jain Agamas.

The correct answer is Franciso de Almeida.

Key Points

• Franciso de Almeida introduced the Blue water policy (Cartaze System).
• “Blue Water” policy was to be powerful at the sea instead of building forts on Indian land.
• Hence the correct answer is Franciso de Almeida.

Additional Information 

• Portuguese power in India
  • In 1505 AD, Francisco de Almeida was appointed as the first Portuguese governor in India.
  • His policy being centric on controlling the Indian Ocean was known as the Blue Water Policy.
  • Alfonso de Albuquerque who replaced Almeida as the governor in 1509 AD, and captured Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur in 1510 AD is considered the real founder of the Portuguese power in India.
  • Goa subsequently became the headquarters of the Portuguese settlements in India.
  • Portuguese hold over the coastal areas and superiority in naval power helped them significantly.
  • By the end of the 16th century, the Portuguese captured not only Goa, Daman, Diu, and Salsette along the Indian coast.

The correct answer is Rajasthan Samachar.

• Rajasthan Samachar was published by Munshi Samarthdan from Ajmer in 1889 as the First Hindi daily newspaper.

Key Points

The correct answer is (A) - (2), (B) - (4), (C) - (1), (D) - (3).

Key Points

• Prathana Samaj was founded by Atmaram Pandurang in Bombay in 1867.
• Servants of Indian Society was founded by Gopal Krishna Gokhale in 1905.
• Bombay Presidency Association was founded by Pheroz Shah Mehta in 1885.
• Theosophical Society was founded by Madam Blavatsky in 1875.

Additional Information 

Pherozeshah Mehta

• Pherozeshah Mehta is also known as the 'Father of Municipal Government in India'.
• He was one of the founding members of the Indian National Congress.
• He was the president of the Calcutta Session of INC in 1890.
• Mehta was appointed as Vice-Chancellor of Bombay University in 1910.
• He founded the Bombay Presidency Association in 1885.
• He helped found the Central Bank of India, financed and controlled by Indian interests in 1911.

Atmaram Pandurang

• Prathana Samaj was founded by Atmaram Pandurang in Bombay in 1867.
• He was one of the two Indian co-founders of the Bombay Natural History Society.
• Atmaram Pandurang served briefly as sheriff of Bombay in 1879.

Gopala Krishna Gokhale

• Gopala Krishna Gokhale is popularly known as the 'Socrates of Maharashtra'.
• He is the founder of 'Servants of Indian Society' in 1905.
• The political Guru of Gokhale was M. G. Ranade.
• He was the President of the Benarus Session of INC in 1905.
• Gandhiji regarded him as the Political Guru.
• Tilak called Gokhale the 'Diamond of India'.

Madame Blavatsky

• Helena Petrovna Blavatsky often known as Madame Blavatsky
• Madame Blavatsky was a Russian philosopher.
• She gained an international following as the leading theoretician of Theosophy.
• Theosophical Society was co-founded by Madam Blavatsky in 1875.

The correct answer is 1907 AD.

Key Points

•  Sarv Hitkarini Sabha was established by Gopal Das in 1907 AD.
  • This sabha did work for social and political awareness in people.
  • Putri Pathsala for women's education was established by this sabha.
  • Kabir Pathsala for untouchable's education was also established by this sabha.

Additional Information

• On 26 January 1930 AD, Chandanmal Bahad and Gopal Das hoisted the flag on Dharmstup (Churu's top Mountain).
• Gopal Das was the disciple of Pt. Kanhaiya Lal Dund.