Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Mohenjodaro

• The Indus Civilization was mainly spread over Sindh, Baluchistan, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Western U.P and Northern Maharashtra.
•  Historians generally believe that the Harappa-Ghaggar-Mohenjodaro axis represents the heartland of the Indus Civilization.
• Mohenjodaro (Nakhlistan i.e Oasis of Sindh) developed in the valley of river Indus, in the Larkana district of Sindh in Pakistan was excavated by Rakhal Das Bannerji (1922), Mackay (1927), Wheeler (1930).

Key Points

• The Indus Valley Civilization was spread from present-day North-East Afghanistan to Pakistan and North-West India. The civilization flourished in the river basins of the Ghaggar-Hakra river and the Indus. Indus valley civilization is one of the four oldest civilizations in the world. It is also known as Harappan Civilization and is well-known for its organized planning based on the grid system. Important facts to be remembered.
• John Marshall was the first researcher to use the term, ‘Indus Valley Civilization’.
• Indus Valley Civilization spread from the year 2500 – 1750 BC according to radio-carbon dating.
• The most distinctive feature of the Harappan Civilization was its urbanization.
• Moreover, sheep and goats, dogs, humped cattle buffalo, and elephants were domesticated in the Indus Valley Civilization.
• The capital cities are Mohenjodaro and Harappa.
• The port cities are Sutkagendor, Balakot, Lothal, Allahdino, and Kuntasi.
• The Indus valley people were well-acquainted with the use of both cotton and wool.

Additional Information

• Name of the major cities are given below:
  • Mohenjodaro (Sind)-It is located on the right bank of the Indus.
  • Kalibangan (Rajasthan)-It was on the banks of the river Ghaggar river.
  • Chanhudaro - It lies on the left bank of the Indus in the south of Mohenjodaro.
  • Lothal(Gujarat) - It is located at the head of the Gulf of Cambay.
  • Surkotada (Gujarat) - It is at the head of the Rann of Kutch.
  • Banawali (Haryana) - It was situated on the banks of the now-extinct Sarasvati.
  • Dholavira (Gujarat) - It excavated is in the Kutch district.
• Social features-
  • Indus valley civilization is the first urbanization in India.
  • It has a well-planned drainage system, grid pattern, and town planning.
  • They have possessed equality in society.
• Religious Facts-
  • Matridevi or Shakti is the Mother goddess.
  • Yoni worship and Nature worship existed.
  • They worshipped trees like Peepal.
  • People also worshipped Fire worship called Havan Kund.
  • Pashupati Mahadeva is known as the lord of Animals.
  • The people of the Indus Valley Civilization worshipped Animal worship like unicorns and ox.
• Economic facts-
  • Indus valley civilization is based on agriculture.
  • Trade and commerce flourished in this period.
  • A dockyard has been found at Lothal.
  • There were export and import.
  • Production of cotton was there.
  • There was also the unit of measurement.
  • Weights and measures of truth that existed in Harappan culture were seen at Lothal.
  • The weights were made of limestone, steatite, etc. and were usually cubical in shape.

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e Rectangular grid.

• Harappan culture planned its towns with their chessboard system, streets, drainage pipes, and chess pits.
• Rectangular houses with brick-line bathrooms and wells together with their stairways are found in all Harappan sites.
• Harappans have well connected central drainage system.
• Harappa is known as the city of granaries.

Jagat Pati Joshi(J.P. Joshi) is an Indian archaeologist who discovered the Indus Valley site of Dholavira.​

• As per the evidence, the Harappan people used to trade with Afghanistan, Persia, and Oman.
• But there is no evidence that they also trade with Mongolia. 

The correct answer is Vijay Singh Pathik.

Key Points

• Vijay Singh Pathik:
  • Real name: Bhoop Singh.
  • Leader Bijolia Peasant Movement.
  • Went Jail for Salt Satyagraha & Begun Peasant Movement.
  • Editor of Rajasthan Kesari & Naveen Rajasthan.
  • Published – Pratap.

Additional Information 

• Sagarmal Gopa:
  • Stir people against Maharawal Jawahar Singh, Jaisalmer.
  • Expelled from Jaisalmer & Hyderabad.
  • Author – Azadi Ke Dewaane, Jaisalmer mein Gundaraj,Raghunath Singh ka mukadma.
• Jainarayan Vyas:
  • Published Rajasthani Magazine – Agnibaan.
  • In 1927, editor of Tarun Rajasthan.
  • In 1936, Published Akhand Bharat from Mumbai.
  • 14 years – General Secretary of All India Native Rajya Parishad.
  • Immense contribution in Marwar Prajamandal.
• Gokul Bhai Bhatt::
  • Established Rajya Prajamandal in Sirohi.
  • Worked for political awakening in Sirohi area.

During the period of crisis and confusion, there emerged saints in the country who strengthened the faith of the people in the cultural ethos of the nation. Various saints appeared all over India as well as in Rajasthan. They offered a liberal approach to Hinduism, which was mainly targeted at the lower castes. They used local language for preaching.

Important Points

Dadu was born in Ahmedabad, Gujarat in 1544 AD.

• He founded the Dadu sect/cult.
• He is also known as 'Kabir of Rajasthan'.
• He travelled extensively in Rajasthan and lived at Sirohi, Kalyanpur, Sambhar, Ajmer, etc.
• His teachings are collected in 'Daduvani', which comprises 5000 verses.
• As Dadu used local language for preaching and because of the thoughts he propagated, he is called 'Kabir of Rajasthan'.

Additional Information  

Lets' look at the other famous saints:

• Meera is called 'Radha of Rajasthan'. She devoted all her attention to Krishna Bhakti.
• Dhannaji was the disciple of Ramanand. He opposed casteism and discrimination based on high and low in society and believed that the guidance of guru necessary to acquire knowledge.
• Jambhoji was the founder of the Bishnoi sect. He criticised hypocrisy, deceit and ostentation that prevailed in the society in the name of dharma and laid stress on purity of conduct and fundamental virtues.