Question Discussion & Solution

The input device is any hardware used by a human operator or other systems to communicate with a computer. 

Input Device: A piece of equipment/hardware that helps us enter data into a computer is called an input device. 

Examples of an Input device:

Keyboard, mouse, scanner, joystick, etc.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Charles Darwin.

Explanation:

Charles Darwin:

• Darwin proposed a theory of evolution called natural selection in the year 1859.
• According to it those populations which are a better fit (reproductively fit) in an environment will be selected by nature and will survive more.
• Darwin's theory of natural selection is popularly known as 'Darwinism'.
• English naturalist Charles Darwin developed the idea of natural selection after a five-year voyage to study plants, animals, and fossils in South America and on islands in the Pacific.
• Darwin conducted a sea voyage in a sailing ship called H.M.S Beagle as a part of his experiments on the theory of evolution.
• Charles Darwin became almost universally thought of as the "Father of Evolution".
• Darwin's process of natural selection has four components:
  • Variation
  • Inheritance
  • High rate of population growth
  • Differential survival and reproduction

Thus, Charles Darwin proposed the theory of biological evolution by natural selection.

Additional Information 

Gregor Johann Mendels Theory:

• Mendel used a number of contrasting visible characters of garden peas- round/wrinkled seeds, tall/short plants, white/violet flowers, and so on.
• He took pea plants with different characteristics- a tall plant and a short plant, produced progeny from them and calculated the percentages of tall or short progeny.

William Beaumont:

• William Beaumont (November 21, 1785 – April 25, 1853) was a surgeon in the U.S. Army.
• He became known as the "Father of Gastric Physiology" following his research on human digestion.
• In 1822, an employee of the American Fur Company named Alexis St. Martin was accidentally shot.
• Dr Beaumont treated his wound but expected St. Martin to die from his injuries.
• Despite this dire prediction, St. Martin survived but with a hole in his stomach that never fully healed.
• He was hired as a handyman by Dr Beaumont to observe digestive processes.​

Ernst Haeckel:

• The great scientist Ernst Haeckel was given credit to coin and express the definition of the term “Ecology”.
• ​He was a german scientist.

The correct answer is Kanhaiya Lal Sethiya.

• Kanhaiyalal Sethia was a well-known Rajasthani and Hindi poet born in Sujangarh, Churu District of Rajasthan.
  • His "Dharti Dhoran Ri" is recognized as the anthem song of Rajasthan throughout the world. 

Additional Information

• Chandra Prakash Deval is a Rajasthani poet and translator. He is also the convener of Rajasthani Advisory Council of Sahitya Akademi.
  • He has received Padma Shri in 2011, the fourth highest civil honour given by the Government of India.
• Dr Bhagwati Lal Vyas was awarded Bihari Puraskar in 2015 for his anthology of Rajasthani poems ‘Katha Sun Aawe Hai Sabad’ published in 2010.
• Vijaydan Detha, also known as Bijji, was a noted Indian writer of Rajasthani literature.
  • He was a recipient of several awards including the Padma Shri and the Sahitya Akademi Award.

The correct answer is Only I.

Key Points

• In asexual reproduction, only one parent is involved and sex cells are not involved. 
• It is observed in both multicellular and unicellular organisms.
• Types of asexual reproduction are:
  • Binary Fission
  • Budding
  • Fragmentation
  • Vegetative Propagation
  • Sporogenesis
• Spore formation comes under sporogenesis. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Spore formation is a kind of reproduction process in plants by produces tiny spores and propagates through them.
• Spore Formation is a method of asexual reproduction. 
• Spore formation can be seen in the bread mould / Rhizopus.
• The airborne spores land on bread under favourable conditions and they germinate and produce new bread mould plants.
• Each spore is covered with a protective coat to withstand unfavourable conditions.
• Plants like ferns, mucor, and mosses are also reproduced through spore formation
• Spores are present in a sac called sporangia.
• Fragmentation is a type of asexual reproduction. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

Additional Information

• Pollination is a method of Sexual Reproduction.
• Self-pollination:
  • The transfer of pollen grains from another to the stigma of the same flower is called self-pollination.
• ​Cross-pollination:
  • The transfer of pollen grains from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower is called cross-pollination.
• Vegetative propagation:
  • It is a form of asexual reproduction of a plant wherein a new plant grows from a fragment of the parent plant.

The correct answer is Mirage.

• To a distant observer, the light appears to be coming from somewhere below the ground.
• The observer naturally assumes that light is being reflected from the ground, say, by a pool of water near the tall object.
• Such inverted images of distant tall objects cause an optical illusion to the observer.
• This phenomenon is called a mirage.
•  The optical illusion which occurs mainly in the desert during hot summer is based on the principle of TIR i.e total internal reflection.
• This type of mirage is especially common in hot deserts.

Additional Information

• Total Internal Reflection (TIR): When a ray of light goes from denser to the rarer medium it bends away from the normal and as the angle of incidence in denser medium increases, the angle of refraction in the rarer medium also increases and at a certain angle, angle of refraction becomes 90°, this angle of incidence is called critical angle (C).
• When the Angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle then the light ray comes back into the same medium after reflection from the interface. This phenomenon is called Total internal reflection (TIR).
• Conditions for TIR: 
  1. The ray must travel from denser medium to rarer medium.
  2. The angle of incidence 'i' must be greater than the critical angle C.