Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Distance.

Key Points

• An odometer is a device that is used for measuring the distance traveled by a vehicle.
• The odometer is usually situated in the vehicle's dashboard.
• The word "odometer" is derived from two Greek words meaning path and measure.
• Odometer is also used by people who construct roads and survey lands.

Additional Information

All are mammal except Lizard.

 Indus Valley Civilization

• Indus Valley Civilization was one of those early urban civilizations that were originated in 2300 BC and were developed in the river basins of Sutlej, Ravi, and Indus.
• Indus Valley Civilization peoples cultivate many crops such as Barley, Wheat, Melon seeds, and oil crops like Sesame, Mustard, and Dates. These were traded by farmers with other people. 
• The most typical Indus seal is square, with a set of symbols along the top, an animal in the centre, and one or more symbols at the bottom.  

Seals

• The unicorn is the most common motif on Indus seals and appears to represent a mythical animal that Greek and Roman sources trace back to the Indian subcontinent. A relatively long inscription of eight symbols runs along the top of the seal. Hence option 3 is correct.

 Additional Informationhttps://www.harappa.com/indus/25.html#:~:text=The%20unicorn%20is%20the%20most,the%20top%20of%20the%20seal.

• Archaeologists have discovered thousands of seals, mostly made of steatite, and occasionally of agate, chert, copper, faience and terracotta, with beautiful figures of animals, such as unicorn bull, rhinoceros, tiger, elephant, bison, goat, buffalo, etc.
• The realistic rendering of these animals in various moods is remarkable. The purpose of producing seals was mainly commercial.
• It appears that the seals were also used as amulets, carried on the persons of their owners, perhaps as modern-day identity cards. The standard Harappan seal was a square plaque 2×2 square inches, made from steatite.
• Every seal is engraved in a pictographic script which is yet to be deciphered. Some seals have also been found in ivory.
• They all bear a great variety of motifs, most often of animals including those of the bull, with or without the hump, the elephant, tiger, goat and also monsters.

Hence, there is one such digit.

The correct answer is Soap solution is alkaline.

Concept:

• Indicators are the substances that are used to identify whether the given substance is an acid or a base.
• There are two types of indicators:
  • Natural: These indicators are obtained from natural sources like plants. 
  • Turmeric, litmus, china rose petals, etc., are some of the naturally occurring indicators.
  • The most commonly used natural indicator is litmus.
  • It is extracted from lichens.
  • It is available in the form of a solution, or in the form of strips of paper, known as litmus paper.
  • Generally, it is available as red and blue litmus paper.
  • Man-made: Phenolphthalein, Methyl orange are some of the man-made indicators.

Explanation:

• • The indicators change their colour when added to a solution containing an acidic or a basic substance.
  • Turmeric is a natural indicator. It contains the substance

curcumin which changes colour with pH.

• When a substance is basic, the colour is red, whereas when the substance is acidic, the colour of turmeric turns yellow to brown

• Turmeric stains on the shirt turn red when washed with soap because the soap solution is basic in nature which changes the yellow colour of Turmeric into red colour.
• It is because turmeric contains tartaric acid, while the soap contains a sodium hydroxide base. When an acid reacts with a base, a neutralization reaction takes place and the stain becomes neutral.

Neutralization Reaction

• A neutralization reaction can be defined as a chemical reaction in which an acid and base quantitatively react together to form salt and water as products.

Saponification

• Saponification is the hydrolysis of an ester with NaOH or KOH to give alcohol and sodium or potassium salt of the acid.