Question Discussion & Solution

• In Jainism, a Tirthankara is a saviour and the spiritual teacher of the dharma (righteous path).
• According to Jains, a Tirthankara is a rare individual who has conquered the saṃsāra, the cycle of death and rebirth on his own and has made a path for others to follow.

The correct answer is Tarun Rajasthan.

• After the closure of the newspaper named 'Naveen Rajasthan', it was published again as Tarun Rajasthan.

Key Points

• Tarun Rajasthan
  • After the establishment of Rajasthan Seva sangha in 1922, a newspaper named Naveen Rajasthan was started by it.
  • It used to run many mass movements.
  • The bijolia movement gained much importance due to this.
  • Due to this was banned in Mewar and also the arrival of Pathik in Mewar.
  • After the closure of the newspaper named 'Naveen Rajasthan', it was published again as Tarun Rajasthan.
  • It was started under the editorship of Ramnarayan Chaudhary and Shobhalal Gupt.

Additional Information

• Press development in Rajasthan​
  • First, the Christian missionaries in Rajasthan established the 'Litho Press' at Beawar in 1864 AD.
  • In Rajasthan, the first 'Marwar Gazette' was published from Jodhpur in August 1866.
  • Maharana Sajjan Singh in Udaipur published Sajjan Kirti Sudhakar (Government Gazette) in 1879 AD. This was the first fortnightly paper.
  • Maulvi Murad Ali first started publishing 'Rajputana Gazette' from Ajmer in 1882.
  • In 1882 Munshi Munnalal Sharma started the publication of 'Deshitaishi' monthly newspaper.
  • Hanuman Singh 'Rajputana Herald' in 1885 AD.
  • In 1927, Haribhau Upadhyaya published 'Tyag Bhoomi' for the purpose of propagating Gandhian ideology.
  • Other important newspaper
    • Prabhat - 1932
    • Navjyoti - 1936  by Capt. Durgaprasad Chaudhary
    • Jaipur News - 1935
    • Navajivan - Kanak Madhukar from Ajmer in 1939 AD
    • Lokvani - Devishankar Tiwari in 1943 AD

• The correct answer is option 3, i.e., Both I and II.

Key Points

• Mohenjodaro had a Great Bath in which important people used to take a dip on special occasions.
• Great Bath was a very special tank built on the citadel, the higher part on the left side of the city.
• The Great Bath was lined with bricks coated with plaster and made water-tight with a layer of natural tar.
• The steps used to lead down to it from two sides, and there used to be rooms on all sides of the Great Bath.
• Water in the tank was brought from the well and drained out after use.
• Important people used to take bath in this tank on special occasions.

Thus, we can say that both the statement are correct.

The correct answer is Ram Narain Choudhary.

• Ram Narain Choudhary was entrusted with the leadership of Begun Peasant movement by Vijay Singh Pathik.

Key Points

• Begun peasants took cues from the neighbouring region of Bijolia to raise voice against atrocities of Jagirs in 1921.
• Jagirdar Thakur Anoop Singh suppressed the No-rate campaign by villagers in 1922.
• Villagers reached to Rajasthan Seva Sangh for help.
• Secretary of the Sangh, Ram Narain Choudhary was sent to lead, guide, and help the peasants of Begun.
• The Jagirdar entered into an agreement with the peasants at Ajmer through Vijay Singh Pathik, but the agreement was not acceptable to the British Resident of Mewar as he called it a Bolshevik settlement. 
• The majority of peasants of Begun were of Dhakar caste.
• Ultimately Vijay Singh Pathik took over the leadership and the movement resulted in the abolition of Begar and rollback of many taxes.

• Note that the Begun Peasant Movement was against Thakur Anoop Singh.

The correct answer is Swadeshi Movement.

Key Points

• Swadeshi Movement started after the partition of Bengal.
• Swadeshi Movement:
  • Swadeshi movement was one of the most successful movements of the Pre-Gandhian era.
  • The movement finds itself in the backdrop of the mendicant policies of the early nationalist leaders who resisted the Un-British-like rule in India but believed in the English monarchy.
  • The major cause of the Swadeshi movement can be attributed to the partition of Bengal in 1905 which was seen by the Indian nationalist as a divisionary tactic of Britishers to weaken the Bengali (Bhadralok) intelligentsia class which was seen as a cradle of Indian resistance.

Additional Information

• Events and their occurrence years:
  • Civil Disobedience Movement - March 12, 1930.
  • Swadeshi Movement - 1905.
  • Quit India Movement - August 1942.
  • Non-Cooperation Movement - 1 August 1920.