Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is All of the above.

Key Points

• Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, (IRWA) was enacted in 1980.
• Provisions of the Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986:
  • The Act prohibits indecent representation of women through advertisements or in publications, writings, paintings, figures, or in any other manner.
  • Any person who contravenes to the provisions of the act is punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years on first conviction and in the event of subsequent conviction, the imprisonment may extend to five years.

Additional Information

• Union Cabinet approves amendments in the "Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986" 
• Major amendments proposed are as follows:
  • Broaden the scope of the law to cover the audio-visual media and material in electronic form.
  • Penalties to be enhanced to a maximum of 3 years of imprisonment and fine of Rs.50,000 to Rs.1,00,000 for a first conviction, and imprisonment of not less than 2 years, but which may extend to 7 years, and a fine b/w Rs.1,00,000 to Rs.5,00,000 for a second conviction.
  • Police officers not below the rank of Inspectors authorized to carry out search and seizure, in addition to State and Central Government officers authorized by the State or Central Government.

The correct answer is Gang rape of a girl below 16 years of age.

Key Points 

• 376 DA: PUNISHMENT FOR GANG RAPE ON WOMAN UNDER SIXTEEN YEARS OF AGE
  • Where a woman under sixteen years of age is raped by one or more persons constituting a group or acting in furtherance of a common intention, each of those persons shall be deemed to have committed the offense of rape and shall be punished with imprisonment for life, which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person’s natural life, and with fine:
  • Provided that such fine shall be just and reasonable to meet the medical expenses and rehabilitation of the victim:
  • Provided further that any fine imposed under this section shall be paid to the victim.

Additional Information 

• 376DB: Punishment for gang rape on women under twelve years of age.
  • Where a woman under twelve years of age is raped by one or more persons constituting a group or acting in furtherance of a common intention, each of those persons shall be deemed to have committed the offense of rape and shall be punished with imprisonment for life, which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person’s natural life, and with fine, or with death.
  • Such fine shall be just and reasonable to meet the medical expenses and rehabilitation of the victim: 
    • Any fine imposed under this section shall be paid to the victim.

The correct answer is Civil Court.

Key Points 

• Sexual harassment at a workplace is considered a violation of women's right to equality, life, and liberty.
• It creates an insecure and hostile work environment, which discourages women's participation in work, thereby adversely affecting their social and economic empowerment and the goal of inclusive growth.
• With this idea, the legislature formulated the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act 2013.
• 'Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace', Civil court has been empowered to collect evidence to complaints committees set up under this Act.
• The Complaints Committees have the powers of civil courts for gathering evidence.

Additional Information 

• Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013
  • The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 is a legislative act in India that seeks to protect women from sexual harassment at their place of work.
  • It was passed by the Lok Sabha (the lower house of the Indian Parliament) on 3 September 2012.
  • It was passed by the Rajya Sabha (the upper house of the Indian Parliament) on 26 February 2013.
  • The Bill got the assent of the President on 23 April 2013.
  • The Act came into force on 9 December 2013.
  • This statute superseded the Vishaka Guidelines for Prevention Of Sexual Harassment (POSH) introduced by the Supreme Court (SC) of India.
  • It was reported by the International Labour Organization that very few Indian employers were compliant with this statute.

The correct answer is Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015.

• Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015:
  • An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to children alleged and found to be in conflict with law and children in need of care and protection by catering to their basic needs through proper care, protection, development, treatment, social re-integration, by adopting a child-friendly approach in the adjudication and disposal of matters in the best interest of children and for their rehabilitation through processes provided, and institutions and bodies established, hereinunder and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

Key Points

• The act is in force from 15^th January 2016.
• The main aim of the act is to consolidate and amend the law relating to children alleged and found to be in conflict with law and children in need of care and protection.
• Ministry of women and child development is the nodal authority for the implementation of this act.

Additional Information

• The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act was enacted for the first time in 1986 and got enforced nationwide in the year 2000.
• This act was also amended in 2006 and 2011.
• But the act underwent major changes in 2015 and thus it was renamed as The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015.

The correct answer is 1993.

• Rashtriya Mahila Kosh (RMK) was established by the Government of India in March, 1993 as an autonomous body under the Ministry of Women & Child Development.
  • It was registered under the Societies Registration Act 1860.

Additional Information

• Rashtriya Mahila Kosh (RMK) is a  national  level  organization  as an  autonomous  body  under the  aegis of  the  Ministry of  Women and Child Development, for socio-economic empowerment  of  women. 
• The  operating  model  currently followed by  RMK is that  of a  facilitating agency  wherein  RMK  provides loans to  NGO-MFIs termed as Intermediary Organizations (IMO) which on-lend to Self Help Groups (SHGs)  of women. 
• RMK extends micro-credit to the women in the informal sector through a client-friendly, without collateral and in a hassle-free manner for income generation activities.
• RMK has taken a number of promotional measures to popularize the concept of micro-financing, enterprise development, thrift and credit, formation and strengthening of  Women-SHGs through intermediary organizations.