Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Super Computer.

Key Points

• Supercomputers were introduced in the 1960s as the world's most advanced computer.
• A supercomputer is a powerful computer that can process a large amount of data and computation very quickly.
• Supercomputers perform immense amounts of mathematical calculations.
• Super Computers are also known as Number Crunching.
• Supercomputers are used for areas related to:
  • Science
  • Engineering
  • Education
  • Defense
  • Aerospace
• Supercomputers are useful for applications involving very large databases or that require a great amount of computation.
• Supercomputers are used for complex tasks, such as:
  • Weather forecasting
  • Climate research
  • Scientific simulation
  • Oil and gas exploration
  • Quantum mechanics
  • Cryptanalysis

​Important Points

• The First Cray-1 supercomputer was installed at Los Alamos National Laboratory in 1972.
• Param Shivay, the first supercomputer assembled indigenously in India, was installed in IIT (BHU).
• Fugaku (Japan) Jointly developed by RIKEN and Fujitsu, is the fastest supercomputer in the world.
• PARAM-Siddhi AI is the fastest supercomputer in India.

Additional Information 

The correct answer is Vijay Bhatkar.

• VIJAY BHATKAR:
  • Vijay Pandurang Bhatkar, an  Indian computer scientist, is popularly known as the father of Indian Super Computer.
  • The Padma Bhushan and Maharashtra Bhushan awardee, Vijay Bhatakr, led the development of Param supercomputers in India.
  • He is currently holding the positions of Chancellor of Nalanda University and Chairman of Vijnana Bharti (a non-profit organization of Indian scientists).
  • Major Contributions:
    • First Supercomputer - PARAM 8000 in the year 1991
    • PARAM 10000 - in the year 1998
    • Developed the National Param Supercomputing Facility (NPSF)
    • Played a significant role in establishing institutes like C-DAC, ER&DC, IIITM-K, MKCL, etc.

• RAGHUNATH MASHELKAR:
  • He is an Indian Chemical Engineer and erstwhile Director of the CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research).
  • He has also headed institutions like the Indian National Science Academy, the Institution of Chemical Engineers, the Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), and the Global Research Alliance.
  • He is the recipient of civilian awards like Padma Shri, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Vibhushan.
• JAYANT NARLIKAR:
  • The Indian astrophysicist, Jayant Narlikar, is known for developing the Hoyle-Narlikar theory with Sir Fred Hoyle.
  • He has won many prestigious awards in his career like - Padma Vibhushan, Rashtra Bhushan award by FIE Foundation, Maharashtra Bhushan, Bhatnagar award, M.P Birla Award, etc. and is currently serving as the emeritus professor at the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics.
• NANDAN NILEKANI:
  • The Indian entrepreneur, Nandan Nilekani, is the co-founder of India's one of the biggest IT company Infosys.
  • He replaced R Seshasayee and Ravi Venkatesan to become the non-executive Chairman of the company in 2017.
  • He is the former Chairman of UIDAI (Unique Identification Authority of India).
  • He joined Indian National Congress in March 2014 but is not an active figure in politics.

The correct answer is TCP/IP.

• The standard network protocol of the Internet, TCP/IP, stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.
  • The Internet Protocol part of the standard refers to the addressing of data message packets.
  • Additional protocols that operate within the TCP/IP framework include UDP, HTTP, and FTP.

Key Points

• The Internet Protocol (IP) is the principal communications protocol in the Internet protocol suite for relaying datagrams across network boundaries.
• Its routing function enables internetworking and essentially establishes the Internet.

The correct answer is ASCII.

Key Points

• The FAT (File Allocation Table) uses the traditional 8.3 file naming convention and all filenames must be created with the ASCII character set. 
• An 8.3 filename (also called a short filename or SFN) is a filename convention used by old versions of DOS and versions of Microsoft Windows prior to Windows 95 and Windows NT 3.5.
• It is also used in modern Microsoft operating systems as an alternate filename to the long filename for compatibility with legacy programs.
• The filename convention is limited by the FAT file system.
• Similar 8.3 file naming schemes have also existed on earlier CP/M, TRS-80, Atari, and some Data General and Digital Equipment Corporation minicomputer operating systems.

Additional Information

• ASCII abbreviated as American Standard Code for Information Interchange is a character encoding standard for electronic communication. 
• The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) prefers the name US-ASCII for this character encoding.

• ASCII is one of the IEEE milestones. 

The most common image file formats, the most important for cameras, printing, scanning, and internet use, are JPG, TIF, PNG, and GIF. JPG is the most used image file format.

Full Form

JPG = Joint Photographic Experts Group

TIF / TIFF = Tagged Image File Format

PNG = Portable Network Graphics

GIF = Graphics Interchange Format