Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is ALGORITHM.

Key Points

• An algorithm is a specific procedure for solving a well-defined computational problem.
• The development and analysis of algorithms are fundamental to all aspects of Computer Science like AI, databases, graphics, networking, OS, etc.
• Algorithm development is more than just programming.
  • It requires an understanding of the alternatives available for solving a computational problem.
  • It includes the hardware, networking, programming language, and performance constraints that accompany any particular solution.

Additional Information

• An official language comprising a collection of instructions that produce different kinds of output is a programming language.
• In computer science, programming languages are used to implement algorithms.
• Most of the languages of programming consist of computer instructions.

Just as Needle is a part/component of the Clock, similarly Blade is a part/component of Fan.

Thus the related word pair is Fan : Blade.

Similar figure repeat in every second step. Each time the first figure reappear it rotates one space anticlockwise direction and each time the second figure reappear it rotates one space clockwise direction.

From the above explanation we can conclude (1), (3) and (5) are same figure with anticlockwise rotation.

Void pointer: It is a specific pointer type – void * – a pointer that points to some data location in storage, which doesn’t have any specific type. Void refers to the type.

• void pointers cannot be dereferenced. It can however be done using typecasting the void pointer
• Pointer arithmetic is not possible on pointers of void due to lack of concrete value and thus size

Other Important Points

Dangling pointer: A pointer pointing to a memory location that has been deleted (or freed) is called dangling pointer.   

Uninitialized pointer : An uninitialized pointer stores an undefined value. A null pointer stores a defined value, but one that is defined by the environment to not be a valid address for any member or object.

NULL Pointer : NULL Pointer is a pointer which is pointing to nothing. In case, if we don’t have address to be assigned to a pointer  

The correct answer is Authentication.

Key Points

• MAC stands for message authentication code.
• A message authentication code is an authentication tag (also called a checksum) derived by application of an authentication scheme, together with a secret key, to a message.
• MACs can be categorized as - 
  • Unconditionally secure
  • Hash function-based
  • Stream cipher based
  • Block cipher based