Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Jai Prakash Narayan.

Key Points

• Jai Prakash Narayan:
  • Jayaprakash Narayan, generally referred to as JP or Lok Nayak, was an Indian independence activist, revolutionist, theorist, socialist and political leader.
  • He is better known as the "Hero of Quit India Movement" and he is memorized for leading the mid-1970s opposition against Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, for whose overthrow he had called for a "total revolution".
  • His biography, Jayaprakash, was authored by his nationalist friend and the writer of Hindi literature, Rambriksh Benipuri.
  • In 1999, he was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in the esteem of his social work.
  • Other awards awarded to him were the Magsaysay award for Public Service in 1965.

Additional Information

• Rajendra Prasad:
  • He was the 1st President of Independent India.
  • He joined the organisation in 1911 and a few years later, he met Mahatma Gandhi.
  • He participated in the non-cooperation movement in 1920.
  • He took an active part in the rehabilitation work after the 1914 floods and the 1934 earthquake in Bihar.
  • Dr Prasad became the Congress president in 1934 at its Bombay session.
  • He was chosen president once again in 1939.
  • He spent almost 3 years in jail after the Quit India Movement.
• Braj Kishore:
  • Brajkishore Prasad was a lawyer inspired by Mohandas Gandhi during the Indian Independence Movement.
  • He was instrumental in Gandhi taking up the Champaran and Kheda Satyagraha, in which Gandhi handpicked Rajendra Prasad and Anugrah Narayan Sinha along with him to successfully lead the movement.
  • Gandhi was so impressed by Prasad's dedication that he set aside a full chapter on him in his autobiographical book, The Story of My Experiments with Truth, called "The Gentle Bihari".
• Sri Krishna Sinha:
  • He was the 1st Chief Minister of Bihar.
  • He was known as “Babu Kesari” for his lionlike roars when he rose to address the masses.
  • His close friend and prominent Gandhian, Dr Anugrah Narayan Singh wrote an essay for him titled “Mere Shri Babu”.
  • He wrote –  “ Since 1921, the history of Bihar has been the history of life”.

• Indus Valley Civilization is the largest ancient civilization.
• John Marshall was the first scholar to use the term ‘Indus Valley Civilisation’.
• The Indus Valley Civilisation belongs to the Protohistoric Period (Chalcolithic Age/Bronze Age).
• Dayaram Sahni first discovered Harappa Civilisation in 1921.

The correct answer is Fine variety of barley.

Key Points

• Lothal is situated near the village of Saragwala in the Dholka Taluka of Ahmedabad district, Gujarat.
• Lothal was a port town during the Harappan civilization located along the Bhogava river.
• It was discovered by S.R. Rao in 1953.
• Major Findings from Lothal:
  • Dockyard
  • Double burial
  • Rice husk
  • Fire altars
  • Painted jars
  • Modern-day Chess
  • Terracotta figure of the ship
  • Instruments for measuring 45, 90, and 180-degree angles

Additional Information

• The Indus Valley Civilization was spread from present-day North-East Afghanistan to Pakistan and North-West India.
• The civilization flourished in the river basins of the Ghaggar-Hakra river and the Indus.
• Indus valley civilization is one of the four oldest civilizations in the world.
• It is also known as Harappan Civilization and is well-known for its organized planning based on the grid system.
• There are seven important cities in the Indus valley civilization:
  • Mohanjodaro
  • Harappa
  • Kalibangan
  • Lothal
  • Chanhudaru
  • Dholavira
  • Banawali

🔑 Key Points

• The 'Battle of Ten Kings' (Dasarajna Yuddha) is a prominent event mentioned in the Rigveda.
• It was fought between King Sudas of the Tritsu dynasty (a Bharata king) and a confederacy of ten tribes.

The Correct Answer is Option 1.

• Harappan culture planned its towns with their chessboard system, streets, drainage pipes, and chess pits.
• Rectangular houses with brick-line bathrooms and wells together with their stairways are found in all Harappan sites.
• Harappans have well connected central drainage system.
• Harappa is known as the city of granaries.
• The extraordinary uniformity of Harappa Civilization of artecrafts is evident in pottery, seals, bricks and weights. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.

• The late Harappa sites did not maintain the same construction techniques as were used in mature Harappa sites. Hence, Statement 2 is NOT correct.