Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Virtual memory.

Key Points

• Most modern operating systems employ a method of extending RAM capacity, known as "virtual memory".
• A portion of the computer's hard drive is set aside for a paging file or a scratch partition, and the combination of physical RAM and the paging file form the system's total memory. 
• When the system runs low on physical memory, it can "swap" portions of RAM to the paging file to make room for new data, as well as to read previously swapped information back into RAM.
• Excessive use of this mechanism results in thrashing and generally hampers overall system performance, mainly because hard drives are far slower than RAM.

Additional Information

• RAM - Random-access memory is a form of computer memory that can be read and changed in any order, typically used to store working data and machine code. 
• ROM - Read-only memory is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices.
• Types of ROM:
  • MROM (Masked ROM) 
  • PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory) 
  • EPROM (Erasable and Programmable Read-Only Memory) 
  • EEPROM (Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read-Only Memory)

Key Points

​System software is software designed to provide a platform for other software. Examples of system software include operating systems like macOS, Linux, Android, and Microsoft Windows, computational science software, game engines, search engines, industrial automation, and software as a service application.

Hence the correct answer is system software.

Additional Information

• Microsoft Word or Excel is application software, as are common web browsers such as Firefox or Google Chrome. It also includes the category of mobile apps, including communication apps such as WhatsApp or games such as Candy Crush Saga.
• Firmware is permanent software programmed into a read-only memory. Typical examples of devices containing firmware are embedded systems, home, and personal-use appliances, computers, and computer peripherals.
• software that automatically displays or downloads advertising material such as banners or pop-ups when a user is online.

The correct answer is ASCII.

Key Points

• The FAT (File Allocation Table) uses the traditional 8.3 file naming convention and all filenames must be created with the ASCII character set. 
• An 8.3 filename (also called a short filename or SFN) is a filename convention used by old versions of DOS and versions of Microsoft Windows prior to Windows 95 and Windows NT 3.5.
• It is also used in modern Microsoft operating systems as an alternate filename to the long filename for compatibility with legacy programs.
• The filename convention is limited by the FAT file system.
• Similar 8.3 file naming schemes have also existed on earlier CP/M, TRS-80, Atari, and some Data General and Digital Equipment Corporation minicomputer operating systems.

Additional Information

• ASCII abbreviated as American Standard Code for Information Interchange is a character encoding standard for electronic communication. 
• The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) prefers the name US-ASCII for this character encoding.

• ASCII is one of the IEEE milestones. 

The correct answer is Backspace.

Key Points

• The backspace key is used to delete a word or a line.
• Backspace is the keyboard key that originally pushed the typewriter carriage one position backwards, and in modern computer systems moves the display cursor one position backwards.
• It deletes the character at that position, and shifts back the text after that position by one position.

Additional Information

• The Alt key on a computer keyboard is used to change (alternate) the function of other pressed keys.
• Thus, the Alt key is a modifier key, used in a similar fashion to the Shift key. 
• The shift key is a modifier key on a keyboard, used to type capital letters and another alternate "upper" characters. 
• The Insert key insert (often abbreviated Ins) is a key commonly found on computer keyboards. 

The correct answer is 1 megabyte.

Key Points

• Computer data storage conversions: