Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Not less than 45.

• Establishment of Lokpal
  • The Lokpal shall consist of
    (a) a Chairperson, who is or has been a Chief Justice of India or is or has been a Judge of the Supreme Court or an eminent person who fulfills the eligibility specified in clause (b) of sub-section (3); and
    (b) such number of Members, not exceeding eight out of whom fifty percent. shall be Judicial Members: Provided that not less than fifty percent. of the Members of the Lokpal shall be from amongst the persons belonging to the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes, Minorities and women.
  • A person shall be eligible to be appointed —
    (a) as a Judicial Member if he is or has been a Judge of the Supreme Court or is or has been a Chief Justice of a High Court;
    (b) as a Member other than a Judicial Member, if he is a person of impeccable integrity and outstanding ability having special knowledge and expertise of not less than twenty-five years in the matters relating to anti-corruption policy, public administration, vigilance, finance including insurance and banking, law and management.
  • The Chairperson or a Member shall not be
    (i) a member of Parliament or a member of the Legislature of any State or Union territory;
    (ii) a person convicted of any offence involving moral turptitude;
    (iii) a person of less than forty-five years of age, on the date of assuming office as the Chairperson or Member, as the case may be;
    (iv) a member of any Panchayat or Municipality;
    (v) a person who has been removed or dismissed from the service of the Union or a State, and shall not hold any office of trust or profit (other than his office as the Chairperson or a Member) or be affiliated with any political party or carry on any business or practise any profession and, accordingly, before he enters upon his office, a person appointed as the Chairperson or a Member, as the case may be, shall, if—
    (a) he holds any office of trust or profit, resign from such office; or
    (b) he is carrying on any business, sever his connection with the conduct and management of such
    business; or
    (c) he is practising any profession, cease to practise such profession.

The correct answer is Up to 15% of the strength of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly.

• According to the constitution, the Council of Ministers constitutes 15% of the total number of legislators (91st Amendment Amendment).
• The maximum number of ministers in Rajasthan is 30 which is 15% of 200.

Key Points

• The Council of Ministers in states is mentioned in Articles 163, 164, and 167.
• The Council of Ministers is headed by the Chief Minister.
• There are three classes of ministers:
  • Cabinet minister
  • Minister of State 
  • Deputy Minister
• Cabinet ministers are in charge of important departments.
• The cabinet-level group of ministers is called the cabinet ministers.
• Ministers of State are appointed to assist cabinet ministers. 
• Deputy Ministers are there to assist the State Ministers.
• Sometimes the Ministers of State are also given independent departments.

Additional Information

• Cabinet Secretariat:
  • The administrative head is the chief secretary.
  • The political head is the chief minister.

The correct answer is Directive Principles of State Policy.

Key Points

• The Constitution itself declares that the Directive Principles of State Policy are fundamental to the governance of the country.
• These are the constitutional instructions or recommendations to the State in legislative, executive, and administrative matters.
• Hence option 3 is correct.

​​Additional Information

• Socialistic Principles:
  • to promote the welfare of the people by securing a social order permeated by social, economic, and political justice and to minimize inequalities in income, status, facilities and opportunities. (Art 38)
  • to secure (a) the right to adequate means of livelihood for all citizens; (b) the equitable distribution of material resources of the community for common good; (c) prevention of concentration of wealth and means of production; (d) equal pay for equal work for men and women; (e) preservation of the health and strength of workers and children against forcible abuse; and (f) opportunities for the healthy development of children. (Art 39)
  • to promote equal justice and to provide free legal aid to the poor. (Art 39A)
  • to secure the right to work, to education and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement. (Art 41)
  • to make provision for just and humane conditions for work and maternity relief. (Art 42)
  • to secure a living wage, a decent standard of living and social and cultural opportunities for all workers. (Art 43)
  • to take steps to secure the participation of workers in the management of industries. (Art 43A)
  • to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living of people and to improve public health. (Art 47)
• The Gandhian Principles:
  • Based on Gandhian ideology, these include
    • organizing village Panchayats and endowing them with necessary powers and authority to enable them to function as units of self-government. (Art 40)
    • promoting cottage industries on an individual or co-operation basis in rural areas. (Art 43)
    • promoting voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control, and professional management of co-operative societies. (Art 43B)
    • promoting the educational and economic interests of SCs, STs and other weaker sections of the society and protecting them from social injustice and exploitation. (Art 46)
    • prohibiting the consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs which are injurious to health. (Art 47)
    • prohibiting the slaughter of cows, calves and other milch and drought cattle and improving their breeds. (Art 48)
• Liberal-Intellectual Principles:
  • These principles represent the ideology of liberalism and direct the state to
    • secure for all citizens a uniform civil code. (Art 44)
    • to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of 6 years. (Art 45)
    • to organise agricultural and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines. (Art 48)
    • to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wildlife. (Art 48A)
    • to protect monuments, places and objects of artistic or historic interest which are declared to be of national importance. (Art 49)
    • to separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the state. (Art 50)
    • to promote international peace and security and maintain just and honourable relations between nations; to foster respect for international law and treaty obligations, and to encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration. (Art 51)

The correct answer is 3 only

Key Points

• There are several political features that are common to India and America (USA).
• Both Nation have
  • Written Constitution.
  • Bill of Rights and Fundamental Rights.
  • The supremacy of the Federal or Union Government.
  • Separation of powers and Powers of Checks and Balance in common.

Additional Information

• The Constitution of both US and India is a written Constitution, which provides for a federal political structure where both the governments exercise their respective powers.
• Both countries amending the Constitution to meet the changing circumstances and the growing political, economic, social needs and demands political and economic needs.
• In both countries, the federal government works at the center to which various states have acceded to.
• Both in the US and India, states which have accepted the Federal set up have no individual power to separate from the Central Government or the Union Government.
• Both the Central as well as State Government is empowered to makes laws on subjects.
• The law enacted by the Federal or Union Government will prevail over the law enacted by the states on the same subject in case of a dispute.
• Both US and Indian Constitutions provide for separation of powers among three institutions namely executive, legislature, and the judiciary.
• The executive governs the country, the legislature makes laws, and the judiciary ensures justice.

The correct answer is 2004-2007.

Key Points

• Pratibha Devi Singh Patil: 
  • She was the 12th President of India from 2007 to 2012
  • She was the first female President in India.
  • She was also a Governor of Rajasthan from 2004 to 2007.
  • She was also the first female Governor of Rajasthan.

Additional Information

• Prabha Rau:
  • She was the 2nd female Governor(Acting) of Rajasthan from 2009 to 2010.
  • She also served as a Governor of Himachal Pradesh.
• ​​Margret Alva:
  • She was 3rd female Governor of Rajasthan from 2012 to 2014
  • She was also a Governor of Goa, Gujarat, and Uttrakhand.
  • She also held the office of Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Ministry Youth and Sports and Women and Child Development, and Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs.