Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015.

• Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015:
  • An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to children alleged and found to be in conflict with law and children in need of care and protection by catering to their basic needs through proper care, protection, development, treatment, social re-integration, by adopting a child-friendly approach in the adjudication and disposal of matters in the best interest of children and for their rehabilitation through processes provided, and institutions and bodies established, hereinunder and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

Key Points

• The act is in force from 15^th January 2016.
• The main aim of the act is to consolidate and amend the law relating to children alleged and found to be in conflict with law and children in need of care and protection.
• Ministry of women and child development is the nodal authority for the implementation of this act.

Additional Information

• The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act was enacted for the first time in 1986 and got enforced nationwide in the year 2000.
• This act was also amended in 2006 and 2011.
• But the act underwent major changes in 2015 and thus it was renamed as The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015.

The correct answer is Female foeticide.

• The role of women in society cannot be undermined than men in any form.
• They are storming all the male bastions and proving themselves to be equally good, if not superior, in all walks of life. Women in India today are also poised to take off.
• But in spite of this in a country where women are put on a pedestal and worshipped as Mother Goddess, it is ironical that crimes against women are on the rise.
• One of such crimes is the crime of  female foeticide (Practice of selective elimination of the female foetus after prenatal sex determination or sex pre-selection)  which is increasing more speedily as compared to female infanticide (elimination of a baby girl). Behind such a pathetic situation, society as a whole is responsible. 

Key Points

• Some of the causes behind female foeticide may be as follows:
  • Inequality or Gender Bias;
  • Dowry Tradition;
  • Male as the Bread Winner of Family;
  • Offering of Pinda;
  • Continuity of Lineage;
  • Old Age Security;
  • Two Child or One Child Norm;
  • Easily available means of Sex Determination. 
• Hence, we conclude that the practice of selective elimination of the female foetus after prenatal sex determination or sex pre-selection is called ​Female foeticide.

Confusion Points

• Female foeticide is the abortion of a female foetus outside of illegal methods.
• Female infanticide is the killing of newborn girl child. 

• IPC Section 354 B provides safety and punishes the offender for compelling a woman to be naked, and shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than three years but which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine

The correct answer is Option 2.

• As per the act, anyone found in contravention of the provisions of this act is to punished with minimum 6 months in jail which may extend up to 2 years or fine of minimum Rs. 20,000 up to Rs. 50,000 or both.

Key Points

• Even the first time offenders are liable for punishment.
• However, the parents/guardian of the child or adolescent is not punished unless they have allowed them to work in conditions violating the rules.
• Also, the parents/guardian is not to be punished under this act for a first-time offence.

IPC Section 375 is NOT correct.

• Section 375 in the Indian Penal Code (Rape):
  • A man is said to commit “rape” who, except in the case hereinafter excepted, has sexual intercourse with a woman under circumstances falling under any of the six following de­scriptions:
    • (i) Against her will.
    • (ii) Without her consent.
    • (iii) With her consent, when her consent has been obtained by putting her or any person in whom she is interested in fear of death or of hurt.
    • (iv) With her consent, when the man knows that he is not her husband and that her consent is given because she believes that he is another man to whom she is or believes herself to be law­fully married.
    • (v) With her consent, when, at the time of giving such consent, by reason of unsoundness of mind or intoxication or the administration by him personally or through another of any stupe­fying or unwholesome substance, she is unable to understand the nature and consequences of that to which she gives consent.
    • (vi) With or without her consent, when she is under sixteen years of age.

Additional Information

• Section 370: Amendments and advocacy to prevent the conflation of trafficking and sex work.
• Section 372: Selling minor for purposes of prostitution, etc.
• Section 373: Buying minor for purposes of prostitution, etc.