Question Discussion & Solution

The Correct Answer is 1920.

Key Points

• The Non-Cooperation Movement was the beginning of the Gandhian Movement against the British.
• The non-co-operation campaign was inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi on 1st August 1919.
• The Movement was initiated in support of the Khilafat Movement.
• The Movement started with strikes and processions all over India.
• On 4 September 1920, Congress met at Calcutta in a special session.
• This special session was presided by Lala Lajpat Rai. 

The correct answer is Bhavra.

• The birthplace of the great freedom fighter Chandra Shekar Azad is Bhavra.
• Chandra Shekar Azad was born on 23rd July 1906.
• Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) was founded by Chandra Shekar Azad along with Bhagat Singh on 9th September 1928.
• The Indian Independence Movement was led by the Chandra Shekar Azad.
• Chandra Shekar Azad was involved in:
  • Kakori Train Robbery of 1925.
  • Shooting of J. P. Saunders at Lahore in 1928 to avenge the killing of Lala Lajpat Rai.
  • Attempt to blow up the Viceroy of India's train in 1929.
• He was an extremist leader.
• He died on 27th February 1931 (at the age of 24 years) in Allahabad.

The correct answer is Purusha Sukta.

• In the 10^th Mandala of the Rigveda, Purusha Sukta reflects upon the marriage ceremonies.

About Rig Veda

• Rig Veda was said to be composed between 1500-1200 B.C, also known as the ‘first testament of mankind’.
• It is a collection of 10,600 verses and 1,028 hymns.
• It consists of 10 books also known as mandals, each mandal consists of Suktas.
• The concept of the Varna system has been mentioned in Rig Veda which is still practiced in Hindu society today.
• It consists of various secrets about the origin of the universe, the origin of Lord Shiva, the origin of Lord Varuna, etc.

The correct answer is Stuttgart.

Key Points

• Madam Cama hoisted the first tricolor flag in 1907 at Stuttgart.
• Madam Cama:
  • Bhikaiji Rustom Cama was a prominent figure in the Indian Independence Struggle.
  • She is famous for hosting the precursor to the Indian National Flag on foreign soil.
  • For this act, she came to be known as the ‘Mother of the Indian Revolution.
  • During her visit to London, Bhikaiji Cama came into contact with Shyamji Krishna Varma, an Indian nationalist known for the speeches he gave in Hyde Park.
  • She met Dadabhai Naoroji, the president of the British committee of the Indian National Congress (founded on December 28, 1885). 

The answer is Dadabhai Naoroji.

• On 6th July 1892, Dadabhai Naoroji (candidate for the Liberal Party) won a hard-fought election to become the first non-white to be elected to the British Parliament.
  • He also became the first Asian member of the House of Commons.
• One of the most prominent of Naoroji’s supporters was the famous Florence Nightingale.

Important Points

•  Dadabhai Naoroji:
  • Title: ‘Grand Old Man of India’
  • 1867, he propounded Economic Drain Theory where he pointed out that a quarter of India’s economic revenues were being seized by Britain.
  • In London, he established the London Indian Society and then the East Indian Association (1866) which spoke out for the rights of Indians in the British Empire.
  • In 1885, he was one of the founder members of the Indian National Congress.
    • Became the president of the Indian National Congress Sessions three times:
      • 1886, Calcutta
      • 1893, Lahore
      • 1906, Calcutta: declared that the goal of the Congress was to attain swaraj.
  • Newspaper/Journal/Book under Dadabhai Naoroji:
    • Voice of India newspaper
    • The message of reform among the Parsi community was spread by the newspaper Rast Goftar (Truth-Teller).
    • Poverty and un-British Rule in India

Additional Information

• Gopal Krishna Gokhale:
  • In 1899, Gokhale joined the Indian National Congress, emerging as one of the main leaders of its ‘moderate’ wing.
  • Between 1899 and 1902, he was a member of the Bombay Legislative Council followed by a stint at the Imperial Legislative Council from 1902 till his death.
    • Gokhale played a key role in framing the Morley-Minto reforms of 1909 and advocated for the expansion of legislative councils at both the Centre and the provinces.
  • Gokhale became Congress president at its Banaras session in 1905.
  • Gandhi regarded Gokhale as his political mentor and wrote a book in Gujarati dedicated to the leader titled ‘Dharmatma Gokhale’.
• C Rajagopalachari:
  • Rajaji’s personal interaction with Gandhi in 1919 led him to give up his legal profession to be fully involved in the nation’s independence struggle.
    • The relationship between them only grew stronger and Mahatma called Rajaji the ‘keeper of my conscience’.
  • C. Rajagopalachari led a salt march from Trichinopoly to Vedaranniyam on the Tanjore coast in Tamil Nadu, in support of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
  • C. Rajagopalachari prepared a formula for Congress-League cooperation in 1944. Gandhi supported the formula.
  • He was the 1st Indian Governor-General of India.
  • In 1954 he was conferred with the Bharat Ratna for his contribution to Indian politics and literature.
  • Conflicts grew between Rajaji and Nehru, this led to Rajaji forming the Swatantra Party.
• Acharya J B Kriplani:
  • Kripalani was well-known as a Gandhian and a socialist.
  • He became the Congress president in 1946.
  • In 1972-73, he and other socialist leaders led movements across the country urging people to lead nonviolent protests against Indira’s government.
  • In his autobiography My Times, he criticized the entire Congress leadership, except Mahatma Gandhi, for Partition.