Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Lothal.

Key Points

Lothal:

• A massive dockyard was found in the Harappan city of Lothal. (Hence option 3 is correct.)
• Harappa port-town of Lothal is located along the Bhogava river, a tributary of Sabarmati, in the Gulf of Khambat.
• This was an important centre for making objects out of stone, shell, and metal.

Indus Civilization:

• It is also known as the Harappan Civilization.
• Time period: 2300 and 1750 BCE
• The main occupations of the people were agriculture and the domestication of animals.
• Trade was of the barter type.
• Bronze and copper vessels are outstanding examples of the Harappan metal craft.
• Town planning: 
  • Grid system: Roads were wide and cut each other at a right angle, houses were built in a systematic manner.
  • Use of burnt bricks
  • Every house had its own courtyard and bathroom.
  • Underground drainage system (connecting all houses to the street drains)

Additional Information

The correct answer All of the above.

Key Points

Palaeolithic period:

• During the Paleolithic period, the man was a hunter and food gatherer. The human being used to use simple chipped and chopped type stone tools for hunting and other purposes.
• The palaeolithic period is divided into three phases:
  • Lower Paleolithic period
  • Middle Paleolithic period
  • Upper Paleolithic period
• List of Palaeolithic sites in Madhya Pradesh:
  • ​Agni River valley
  • Kundala
  • Lonar
  • Sagar
  • Bhopal
  • Gwalior
  • Pahargarh
  • Pachmarhi (engravings and Paintings)
  • Adamgarh (rock art and paintings)
  • Bhimbetaka (rock art and paintings)

The correct answer is 3, 4, 2, 1.

Key Points

• The correct chronological order of the above events is 3, 4, 2, 1.
• Khilafat movement was a pan-Islamic movement in India that happened from 1919 to 1924 also known as the Indian Muslim movement.
• The leaders of the Khilafat movement were Shaukat Ali, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar, Hakim Ajmal Khan, and Abul Kalam Azad.
• The Lahore Resolution, also known as the Pakistan Resolution, was passed on 22–24 March 1940.

Additional Information

• Cripps Mission was sent by the British Government in March 1942 to India with the key objective to secure Indian cooperation and support for British War Efforts.
• The Cripps mission was headed by Sir Stafford Cripps.
•  A three-member Cabinet Mission visited India in March 1946 headed by Lord Pethick Lawrence.
• The Cripps Mission was sent by the British government to India in March 1942 to obtain Indian cooperation for the British war efforts in the 2nd World War.
• It was headed by Sir Richard Stafford Cripps, a labour minister in Winston Churchill’s coalition government in Britain.
• Gandhi Ji described Cripps’ offer of dominion status as, “a post-dated cheque drawn on a crashing bank”.
• The Cripps Mission was a failure as it failed to give confidence to Congress about Britain’s intentions (which were not sincere in any case). Neither did the Indian leadership offer support to Britain’s war effort.
• In the same year, Congress started the Quit India Movement in the wake of the mission’s failure.
• Mumbai’s Gowalia Tank Maidan also known as August Kranti Maidan is the place where the quit India movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi. He along with other leaders gathered here on August 8 and 9, 1942.

• The Khilafat Movement (1919):
• It brought the Muslims & the Hindus on a common platform against the British administration.
• It was one of the most important causes of the Non - Cooperation Movement. 
• The Indian Muslims regarded the Sultan of Turkey as the Caliph.
• Causes that agitated Indian Muslims & forced them to launch the movement are the following:
  • The defeat of Ottoman Turkey (German Ally) & its dissection by Britishers in World War I.
  • Harsh terms of the Treaty of Sevres (1920) on Turkey.
  • Revolts instigated by Britishers in Arab.
• M.A Ansari demanded the restoration of the Arab lands to Calipha in the Muslim League's Annual Session of 1918.
  • It got support from Congress.
• In May 1919, the All India Khilafat Conference was formed in Bombay.
• All Indi Khilafat Committee was set up in September 1919 at Lucknow.
  • President: Seth Chhotani.
  • Secretary: Shaukat Ali.
• Mohammed Ali, Maulana Shaukat Ali, Maulana Azad, Hakim Ajmal Khan & Hasrat Mohani were the leaders of the Khilafat Movement.
• The All - India Khilafat Conference held in November 1919 in Delhi decided to withdraw all government cooperation if the government did not meet its demands.
• Mahatma Gandhi strongly advocated the Khilafat cause.
  • He was elected as the President of the All India Khilafat Conference in November 1919.
• The Central Khilafat Committee meeting at Allahabad in June 1920 declared the programme of Non-Cooperation.

Lahore Resolution:

• The resolution for the establishment of a separate homeland for the Muslims of British India passed in the annual session of the All India Muslim League held in Lahore on 22–24 March 1940 is a landmark document of Pakistan's history.
•  It is a landmark document in the history of Pakistan.

Cabinet Mission Plan:

• This desire for Indian unity was symbolized by the Cabinet Mission, which arrived in New Delhi on 24 March 1946, sent by the British government, in which the subject was the form of a post-independent India.

The correct answer is Rajasthan Kesari.

• Rajasthan Kesari:
  • Vijay Singh Pathik was the editor of this newspaper.
  • It started its publishing in 1920.
  • It played an important role in the peasant movement in Bijoliya.
  • Shri Jamnalal Bajaj provided financial assistance to this newspaper.
• Vijay Singh Pathik:
  • Famously known as Rashtriya Pathik.
  • He was an Indian revolutionary and freedom fighter.

Additional Information

• Rajputana Gazette:
  • Maulvi Murad Ali, also known as ‘Bimar’, published this newspaper in 1885. 
• Rajasthan Samachar:
  • Shri Munshi edited this newspaper. 

The correct answer is Takshashila 

• Gandhara was an ancient kingdom situated along the Kabul and Swat rivers of Afghanistan and Pakistan.
• The capital of Gandhara was Takshashila also known as Taxila.
• 16 kingdoms were included in Mahajanapadas.
• Ancient Buddhist Literature, Anguttara Nikaya text gives the list 16 Mahajanapadas.
• They are - Kashi, Kosala, Anga, Magadha, Vajji, Malla, Chedi, Vatsa, Kuru, Panchala, Machcha, Surasena, Assaka, Avanti, Gandhara and Kamboja.
• These Mahajanpadas are either Monarchy or a Republics (Ganasanghas).
• The important Republics of this period were the Sakyas of Kapilavastu and the Licchavis of Vaishali.
• The important monarchical Mahajanpadas of this period were Kaushambi (Vatsa), Magadha, Kosala, and Avanti.