Question Discussion & Solution

🔑 Key Points

• Dayaram Sahni carried out the first extensive excavations at Harappa in 1921, leading to its identification as a major site of the Indus Valley Civilization.
• R.D. Banerji is credited with the discovery of Mohenjo-Daro in 1922.
• John Marshall was the Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) at the time and officially announced the discovery of the Indus Valley Civilization to the world.
• Alexander Cunningham was the first Director-General of the ASI, and while he investigated Harappa in the 19th century, he did not recognize its significance as part of a lost civilization.

The correct answer is A - 4, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1.

Key Points

• Rajasthan Seva Sangh was founded in 1919.
  • Arjun Lal Sethi, Kesari Singh Barhat and Vijay Singh Pathik was the founder of the Rajasthan Seva Sangh.
  • The main objective of Rajasthan Seva Sangh was to awaken political consciousness in the public and remove their difficulties.
• Desh Hiteshi Sabha was founded in 1877.
  • It was formed under the chairmanship of Maharaja Sajjan Singh in Udaipur.
• The All India States People's Conference (AISPC), also know as Praja Mandal or Lok Parishad was a group of political movements in the princely states of the British Raj.
  • The first session of the All India States Peoples' Conference was held in Bombay in December 1927.
• The Chamber of Princes also known as Narendra Mandal was a forum in which the rulers of the princely states of India could voice their needs and aspirations to the colonial government of British India.
  • It was established by a royal proclamation of King-Emperor George V in 1920.

The correct answer is 1952.

Key Points

• The first general elections were held in the year 1952 in India. Indian national congress won the landslide victory and Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru became the first Prime Minister.

Additional Information

• The part results of the first general elections of India were announced on 10 February 1952, 64 years ago.
• The day is also celebrated as India's first democratic leap. Indian National Congress (INC) had won the elections with 364 seats out of 489 seats.
• CPI is the party that finished second with 16 seats as they got about 3.29 percent votes and SOC finished third in the elections with 10.59 percent votes and winning 12 seats
• Approximately 45 percent of the total votes were polled for INC in the first Lok Sabha elections.

The correct answer is Kushinagar.

Key Points

•  Gautam Buddha attained Mahaparinirvana in Kushinagar (In present-day Uttar Pradesh).

Additional Information

• Mahaparinirvana usually means the ultimate state of Nirvana (everlasting, highest peace and happiness) attained by an Awakened Being.
  • Kushinagar is the final resting place of Gautam Buddha.
  • It is a Buddhist pilgrimage site.

Important Points

• Gautam Buddha achieved Nirvana (Enlightenment) on the banks of river Niranjana in Bodh Gaya.
  • He was known as Gautama Buddha and Tathagata (he who has attained the truth) after this.
• Gautam Buddha gave his first sermon at Sarnath.
  • It is called Dharma Chakra Pravartana or the Turning of the Wheel of Law.
• Lumbini in Nepal is the birthplace of Buddha.
• Buddha left his home at the age of 29 years to live a life of an ascetic which is known as Mahabhinishkramana (the great departure).  

The correct answer is Chauri-Chaura.

Key Points

• Mahatma Gandhi had called Non-Cooperation Movement his ‘Himalayan Blunder' after the incident of Chauri Chaura.
• Chauri-Chaura:
  • Chauri Chaura is a town in the Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh.
  • On 4th February 1922, this town witnessed a violent incident. A large crowd of peasants set on fire a police station that killed 22 policemen.
  • Due to this incident, Mahatma Gandhi called off the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22).
  • It involved the use of swadeshi and boycott of foreign goods, especially machine-made cloth, and legal, educational, and administrative institutions, "refusing to assist a ruler who misrules".

Additional Information

• Events and their respective years:-
  • ​Chauri-Chaura -  4th February, 1922. 
  • Kheda Satyagraha - 11th March 1918.
  • Nagpur Satyagraha - 1923.
  • Rajkot Satyagraha - 7th March 1939.