Question Discussion & Solution

• Mohanjodaro was excavated in 1922 in Larkana district on the banks of Indus.
• It was excavated by a team led by R.D. Banerjee.
• Dhanushkodi is believed to be the place where Lord Ram ordered to build a bridge to connect Sri Lanka, (Ram Setu). It is situated in Tamil Nadu.
• Harappa was excavated in 1920-1921, while it was discovered in the year 1826.
• Kanchi or Kanchipuram is an ancient city in Tamil Nadu.

The correct answer is Quit India Movement.

Quit India Movement is also known as the August Movement.

• 8th August is observed as the anniversary of the Quit India Movement during the Indian Freedom Struggle.
• The Quit India Movement was launched by Mahatama Gandhiji during world war II on 8th August 1942 at the Bombay session of the All-India Congress Committee demanding an end to British Rule.
• The collapse of the Cripps Mission was the immediate cause of the Quit India Movement.
• The slogan for the Quit India Movement was "Do or Die".
• Non-cooperation Movement was started by Mahatma Gandhiji from 1920-1922.
  • It was started to induce the British Government to grant self-government or swaraj to India.

The following are the causes of the Non-Cooperation Movement:

• Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (1919).
• Rowlatt Act (1919).
• Khilafat Agitation.
• Not satisfied with the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms.
  • Under the movement the British goods were boycotted, lawyers boycotted the court of law, legislative assemblies were boycotted and titles, honours, and honorary posts were surrendered by people.
  • The Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn by Mahatma Gandhiji due to the Chauri Chaura incident.

Salt Satyagraha is also known as Salt March, Dandi March, and Dandi Satyagraha.

• It was led by Mahatma Gandhiji from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi in Gujarat.
• It was led from 12th March 1930 to 5th April 1930.
• Rajendra Prasad led salt satyagraha in Bhagalpur.
• Rajgopalachari led salt satyagraha in Tamilnadu.
• Khilafat Movement is also known as the Indian Muslim Movement.
  • The Khilafat Movement was led by Shaukat Ali, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar, Hakim Ajmal Khan and Abdul Kalam Azad.
  • The Movement was led from 1919-1924.
  • In March 1919 the Khilafat Committee has formed in Bombay now Mumbai.

​The correct answer is 1739.

• In 1739 Nadir Shah invaded India and sacked Delhi.
  • The Battle of Karnal, was a decisive victory for Nader Shah, the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Iran, during his invasion of India.
  • Nadir Shah advanced towards India in 1738. He captured the western frontiers of the Mughal Empire such as Kabul, Ghazni, Lahore in 1739.
  • The two forces of Nadir Shah and Muhammad Shah met at Karnal. At the battle of Karnal on 13 February 1739, Nadir Shah easily outnumbered the Mughal forces.
  • The battle lasted for less than three hours and the Mughal emperor, Muhammad Shah surrendered. Both the rulers now entered Delhi on 12 March 1739 and Delhi was handed over to Nadir Shah, along with all its treasures.
  • In 1739, Nadir Shah, the emperor of Iran, conquered and enslaved the city of Delhi and took away immense quantities of money.
  • Shah's army had easily defeated the Mughals in the battle of Karnal and in the aftermath of the battle, would eventually capture the Mughal Capital.

Key Points

• The whole city of Delhi was destroyed, looted, plundered, and ruined by the army of Nadir Shah.
• Nadir Shah took with him the Peacock throne built by Shah Jahan. He also took the legendary Koh-i-Noor diamond.
• Besides this, he plundered gold worth 10 million rupees, 600 million rupees worth of jewellery, and coins worth 6 million rupees.
• Historians said that his overall collection after invading India, was 700 million rupees worth, including 7000 craftsmen, 200 carpenters, 100 stone-cutters, and thousands of elephants, horses, and camels, which he took with him to Persia.

Additional Information

• Nader Shah Afshar was the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Iran and one of the most powerful Iranian rulers in Iranian history.
• He was born on  22 November 1688 in Dargaz, Safavid Iran.
• In the spring of 1730, Nader attacked Iran's archrival the Ottomans and regained most of the territory lost during the recent chaos. At the same time, the Abdali Afghans rebelled and besieged Mashhad, forcing Nader to suspend his campaign and save his brother, Ebrahim.

Agriculture in the Indus valley was solely dependent on good quality soil and advancements in farming techniques.

Key Points

Mehrgarh is considered to be one of the most important Neolithic sites in archaeology.

• Mehrgarh is of the Neolithic Site, lies on the Kacchi Plain of Balochistan, Pakistan.
• It is located near Balon Pass in Pakistan, which is a fertile plain.
• The site is located on the principal route between what is now Afghanistan and the Indus Valley.
• It is discovered in 1974 by an archaeological team.
• Evidence of farming and herding is found in Mehrgarh.
• Mehrgarh was a small farming and pastoralist village between 7000-5500 BC, with mud-brick houses and granaries. 
• Mehrgarh is probably the earliest known center of agriculture and herding in South Asia. 
• They cultivated six-row barley, einkorn and emmer wheat, jujubes, and dates.​

Hence, the correct answer is (4) Both A and B are true.

The correct answer is Rana Lakha.

Key Points

• Rana Lakha-
  • He was the son of Rana Kshetra Singh.
  • In his reign, Pichola Lake was built by Pichhu Banjara.
  • Jhoting Bhatt and Dhaneshwar Bhatt were Sanskrit scholars who lived in his court.
  • He defeated Gyasuddin II in Badnore and ended a tax Trithkar, which was taken from Hindu Population.

 Additional Information

• Rana Kumbha-
  • He was the son of Maharana Mokal.
    He built Kirti Stambh on the occasion of Malwa's victory.
    He built Kushal Mata Temple in Badnore, Bhilwara in 1457 AD.
    Kumbhalgarh, Basantpur, Achalgarh, Bairath, Bhomath, etc forts were built by him.
• Rana Pratap-
  • He was the son of Uday Singh.
    He was known as Kika.
    He fought the Haldi Ghati war with Man Singh in 1576 AD.
    He established Chawand as an emergency capital.
    He used the Guerilla war system in fights. 
• Rana Sanga-
  • He was the son of Raimal.
  • He is known as Hindupath.
  • He fought Khatoli battle with Ibrahim Lodi in 1517-18 AD.
  • He also fought Badi, Gagron, Bayana, and Khanwa battles.