Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Rajasthan Kesari.

• Rajasthan Kesari:
  • Vijay Singh Pathik was the editor of this newspaper.
  • It started its publishing in 1920.
  • It played an important role in the peasant movement in Bijoliya.
  • Shri Jamnalal Bajaj provided financial assistance to this newspaper.
• Vijay Singh Pathik:
  • Famously known as Rashtriya Pathik.
  • He was an Indian revolutionary and freedom fighter.

Additional Information

• Rajputana Gazette:
  • Maulvi Murad Ali, also known as ‘Bimar’, published this newspaper in 1885. 
• Rajasthan Samachar:
  • Shri Munshi edited this newspaper. 

The correct answer is Muhammad Bin Tughlaq.

• Muhammad Bin Tughlaq was the ruler of the Delhi sultanate when Ibn Batuta came to India.

Key Points

• Ibn Battuta was a traveller from Morocco.
  • He came to India during the reign of Muhammad bin-Tughlaq (1333-1347).
  • Muhammad bin-Tughlaq was impressed by his scholarship and appointed Ibn Battuta the qazi or judge of Delhi.
  • He was ordered in 1342 to proceed to China as the Sultan’s envoy to the Mongol ruler.
  • His account is often compared with that of Marco Polo, who visited China (and also India) from his home base in Venice in the late thirteenth century.
  • Ibn Battuta’s book of travels called Rihla, written in Arabic provides extremely rich and interesting details about the social and cultural life in the subcontinent in the fourteenth century.

Additional Information

• Alauddin Khilji
  • He was the second sultan of the Khilji dynasty and was the most powerful king of this dynasty. He ruled for about twenty years from 1296 to 1316.
  • He became the sultan of Delhi after killing his uncle and father-in-law Jalaluddin Khilji, the founder of the Khilji dynasty.
  • Alauddin was a very ambitious person and a warmonger.
  • He liked to call himself ‘The Second Alexander’.
  • During his regime, he expanded his kingdom to a large area.
  • He conquered Gujarat, Ranathambor, Mewar, Malwa, Jalore, Warangal, and Madurai.
• Ibrahim Lodhi
  • He was the last king of the Lodhi dynasty and the last sultan of Delhi.
  • He was the son of Sikandar Lodhi. Daulat Khan Lodhi, the Governor of Punjab, invited Bahur to overthrow Ibrahim.
  • He captured Gwalior and was defeated by Rana Sanga of Mewar.
  • He was defeated and killed at the hands of Babur in the First Battle of Panipat in 1526 AD.
• Feroz Shah Tughlaq
  • He was born in 1309 and became sultan of Delhi after the demise of his cousin Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq.
  • He was the third ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty that ruled over Delhi from 1320 to 1412 AD.
  • He was in power from 1351 to 1388 AD.
  • He used to pay his army in-kind i.e Land and not in real money.
  • The British called him the ‘father of the irrigation department’ because of the many gardens and canals that he built like - The canal connecting the Yamuna to the city of Hissar. 

The correct answer is Sarojini Naidu.

Key Points

• Sarojini Naidu:
  • Sarojini Naidu was born on 13 February 1879 in Hyderabad to Bengali parents. 
  • Her father administered the Nizam College in Hyderabad while her mother was a prolific writer.
  • She was the eldest of eight siblings.
  • Sarojini Naidu graduated from the University of Madras and the Nizam Charitable Trust founded by Mahbub Ali Khan gave her a chance to study at Girton College at Cambridge.
  • Sarojini married Pradipati Govindarajulu Naidu after completing her education.
  • The couple would have five children, one of them, Paidipati Padmaja would join the independence struggle and become a part of the Quit India Movement.

The correct answer is option 1. i.e. The Indus people were the first to produce cotton.

• It has been discovered from the facts that the farmers in the Indus valley were the first to spin and weave cotton.
• At Mohenjo-Daro, the archaeologists have recovered the fragments of cotton textiles which dates back between 3250 and 2750 BCE.
• As per the archaeological department of India, the cottonseeds which are found nearby Mehrgarh have been dated to 5000 BCE.
• Indus Valley civilization is also known as the Bronze Age Civilization because Bronze was the most widely used metal.
• Wheat and Barley were the major crops, evidence of rice was also found.
• The people of the Indus Valley civilization worshipped God Pashupati (believed to be God Shiva).
• Tin and precious stones were imported from Iran and Afghanistan, gold from Karnataka and copper from Rajasthan and Oman.

Additional Information 

• The Indus Valley Civilization was spread from present-day North-East Afghanistan to Pakistan and North-West India. This civilization flourished in the river basins of the Ghaggar-Hakra river and the Indus. Indus valley civilization is one of the four oldest civilizations in the world. It is also known as Harappan Civilization and is well-known for its organized planning based on the grid system. Important facts to be remembered 
• John Marshall was the first researcher to use the term, ‘Indus Valley Civilization’.
• Indus Valley Civilization spread from the year 2500 – 1750 BC according to radio-carbon dating.
• The most distinctive feature of the Harappan Civilization was its urbanization.
• Moreover, sheep and goats, dogs, humped cattle buffalo, and elephants were domesticated in the Indus Valley Civilization.
• The capital cities are Mohenjodaro and Harappa.
• The port cities are Sutkagendor, Balakot, Lothal, Allahdino, and Kuntasi.
• The Indus valley people were well-acquainted with the use of both cotton and wool.
• Name of the major cities are given below:
  • Mohenjodaro (Sind)-It is located on the right bank of the Indus.
  • Kalibangan (Rajasthan)-It was on the banks of the river Ghaggar river
  • Chanhudaro-It lies on the left bank of the Indus in the south of Mohenjodaro.
  • Lothal- It is located at the head of the Gulf of Cambay.
  • Surkotada (Gujarat)-It is at the head of the Rann of Kutch.
  • Banawali (Haryana)-It was situated on the banks of the now-extinct Sarasvati
  • Dholavira (Gujarat)-It excavated is in the Kutch district

• Indus Valley Civilization is the sole example of the Proto-Historical Phase in the Indian subcontinent.
• We consider this phase as proto-historical because modern historians have discovered scripts of that period but they have not deciphered it.

  S No	Phase	Script	Deciphered or not
  1	Pre Historical	No Script	Not Deciphered
  2	Proto Historical	Scripts exist	Not Deciphered
  3	Historical	Scripts exist	Deciphered