Question Discussion & Solution

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e Baking powder.

• Baking powder:
  • Baking powder is a mixture of baking soda and tartaric acid .
  • Tartaric acid has been added to baking powder to neutralize the bitterness produced by sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) .
• Baking soda:
  • It is commonly known as sodium bicarbonate.
  • Sodium bicarbonate is a white crystalline solid.
  • It is used in baking products like cakes, cookies etc.
• Washing Soda:
  • It is commonly known as Na2CO3 or sodium carbonate.
  • It is used in softening of hard water.
  • It is commonly used as a cleaning agent for domestic purposes.It is also used in the manufacturing of paper, soap, textiles, paints, etc.
• Vinegar:
  • Vinegar is produced from fermentation of alcohol.
  • Vinegar is the natural source for acetic acid.
  • It is widely used as a flavouring agent in most of the cuisines.

Concept:

• Newton's Second Law of motion states that the rate of change of momentum of an object is proportional to the applied force in the direction of the force.
•  \(F = \frac{{dp}}{{dt}} = \frac{d}{{dt}}\left( {mv} \right)\;\left( \because {p = mv} \right)\) 

i.e., Force = ma ⇒ Force (F) ∝ a

Where,

F = the force applied, m = the mass of the body, a = the acceleration produced. p = linear momentum, v = velocity of particle at some instance

Explanation:

Given that;

Mass = 100 kg

Acceleration (a) = 10 m/s2

External force on body (F) = ma = 100 × 10 = 1000 N

The set of given words are Almonds, Cashew, Walnuts all are dry-fruits. 

Apricot is the most similar to that set of word. Remaining Banana, Apple and Watermelon different from Apricot.

Hence, "Apricot" is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Gypsum.

• Gypsum is available in the Nagaur district in a significant amount.

Key Points

• Nagaur is the fifth largest district in Rajasthan.
• Gypsum is composed of calcium sulphate (CaSO₄) and water (H₂O).
• Its chemical name is Calcium Sulphate Dihydrate (CaSO₄. 2H₂O).

Additional Information

• Beryllium is found in the Ajmer and Udaipur mines of Rajasthan.
• Copper is found in the Khetri copper belt in Rajasthan.
• Silver is found in Zawar mines in Udaipur.

The correct answer is Charles Darwin.

Explanation:

Charles Darwin:

• Darwin proposed a theory of evolution called natural selection in the year 1859.
• According to it those populations which are a better fit (reproductively fit) in an environment will be selected by nature and will survive more.
• Darwin's theory of natural selection is popularly known as 'Darwinism'.
• English naturalist Charles Darwin developed the idea of natural selection after a five-year voyage to study plants, animals, and fossils in South America and on islands in the Pacific.
• Darwin conducted a sea voyage in a sailing ship called H.M.S Beagle as a part of his experiments on the theory of evolution.
• Charles Darwin became almost universally thought of as the "Father of Evolution".
• Darwin's process of natural selection has four components:
  • Variation
  • Inheritance
  • High rate of population growth
  • Differential survival and reproduction

Thus, Charles Darwin proposed the theory of biological evolution by natural selection.

Additional Information 

Gregor Johann Mendels Theory:

• Mendel used a number of contrasting visible characters of garden peas- round/wrinkled seeds, tall/short plants, white/violet flowers, and so on.
• He took pea plants with different characteristics- a tall plant and a short plant, produced progeny from them and calculated the percentages of tall or short progeny.

William Beaumont:

• William Beaumont (November 21, 1785 – April 25, 1853) was a surgeon in the U.S. Army.
• He became known as the "Father of Gastric Physiology" following his research on human digestion.
• In 1822, an employee of the American Fur Company named Alexis St. Martin was accidentally shot.
• Dr Beaumont treated his wound but expected St. Martin to die from his injuries.
• Despite this dire prediction, St. Martin survived but with a hole in his stomach that never fully healed.
• He was hired as a handyman by Dr Beaumont to observe digestive processes.​

Ernst Haeckel:

• The great scientist Ernst Haeckel was given credit to coin and express the definition of the term “Ecology”.
• ​He was a german scientist.