Question Discussion & Solution

• Lothal is one of the places of Indus Valley Civilization located presently in India.
• It is located near Saragwala, a village in the Ahmedabad district of the state Gujarat.
• The word Lothal means “the mount of the dead”.

The correct answer is All of the above.

Key Points

• Ganeshwar civilization: The Ganeshwar civilization was first founded in 1977 according to historian Ratan Lal Mishra. This Ganeshwar civilization is more than 4000 years old and the estimated time period was 2500 - 2000 BCE.
  • He founded red and black pottery and thousand pieces of copper.
  • this culture is related to the pre-Harappan period and the main sources of copper nearby the Aravalli range. 
• Gilund civilization: Gilund civilization was founded in three faces divided as late, middle, & Early-Ahar-Banas.
  • Late Ahar Banas (2000 - 1700 BC)
  • Middle Ahar Banas (2500 - 2000 BC)
  • Early Ahar Banas (3000 - 2500 BC)
• Kalibangan civilization: The Kalibangan civilization is older than 4000 BC. Prof Amlanand Ghosh rediscovered the Kalibangan site in 1952. This Rajasthan civilization was the first metropolis state in India. The shreds of evidence are as follows
  • fortification walls, mud-bricks, etc.
  • Pottery, a sign of successful Harappan.
  • Outstanding discovery of plowed fields.

The correct answer is Champaran, Ahmedabad, Kheda, Non-cooperation.

Key Points

• The tale of Champaran (Bihar) starts in the early nineteenth century when European planters forced cultivators to cultivate indigo in 3/20th of their land holdings (Tin-Kathia).
• However, when indigo became unprofitable, European planters levied higher taxes to compensate for their losses in the foreign trade.
• Gandhi succeeded in abolishing the Tin-Kathia scheme in July 1917, and the cultivators received a salary refund.
• The mill owners and employees in Ahmedabad (March 1918) were fighting over the so-called "plague bonus," which the former decided to keep after the epidemic was over.
• Due to crop failure, the peasants of Kheda district (1917-1918) were in dire straits, and the government ignored their pleas for land revenue remission.
• Kheda's peasants were already struggling due to disease, high prices, and drought.
• Gandhi went on his first hunger strike in Ahmedabad in 1918 to protest a pay increase for mill employees.

Additional Information

• The Champaran Satyagraha(19 April 1917- 13 May 1917)
  • This was his first act of civil disobedience.
• The Rowlatt Satyagraha(6 April 1919 - March 1922)
  • This was his first all-India Satyagraha.
• The Kheda Satyagraha(22 March - 5 June 1918) 
  • ​This was his first non-cooperation movement.
• The first Non-Cooperation Movement
  • ​It was founded on 1 August 1920.

The correct answer is Indian Struggle - Subhas Chandra Bose.

Key Points

• The Indian Struggle, 1920–1942 is a two-part book by the Indian nationalist leader Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose that covers the 1920–1942 history of the Indian independence movement to end British imperial rule over India. 
  • In 1927 Katherine Mayo, a foreign journalist, visited India.
  • She wrote a book called 'Mother India'.
  • It was about Indian civilization, culture, and life. She saw only sheer ignorance and filth in India and nothing good or decent.
  • People who were opposed to the freedom of India had given money for the publication of Miss Mayo's book.

Additional Information

• The India Divided book was written by Dr. Rajendra Prasad.
  • Rajendra Prasad was an Indian independence activist, lawyer, scholar, and subsequently, the first president of India, in office from 1950 to 1962.
  • He joined the Indian National Congress during the Indian Independence Movement and became a major leader from the region of Bihar and Maharashtra. 
• India Wins Freedom is an enlightening account of the partition from the author, Maulana Azad’s perspective.
  • It includes his personal experiences when India became independent and his ideas on freedom and liberty.
  • The book takes the form of an autobiographical narrative and goes over the happenings of the Indian Independence movement.
• In response to that book, Lala Lajpat Rai wrote the book unhappy India book.
  •  In this book, Lala Lajpat Rai gave a fitting reply to the false propaganda of Miss Mayo.
  • In this book, Lala Lajpat Rai compared Indian society with the contemporary USA and Britain. 

• They were repositories of relics of Buddha and other monks.
• The Buddhist stupa serves as a marker for a sacred space, a symbolic representation of the Buddha’s burial mound.