Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Chanhudaro.

Key Points

• The Harappan site of Chanhudaro was excavated by N.G. Mazumdar in 1931.
• Chanhudaro is located near the banks of the river Indus.
• Chanhudaro is located near Mohenjodaro in present-day Sindh, Pakistan.
• Only Harappan city without a citadel.
• Beads factory was found.
• Evidence of human sacrifice was found here.
• Chanhudaro didn't have any fortified structure.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Lothal.

Key Points

Lothal:

• A massive dockyard was found in the Harappan city of Lothal. (Hence option 3 is correct.)
• Harappa port-town of Lothal is located along the Bhogava river, a tributary of Sabarmati, in the Gulf of Khambat.
• This was an important centre for making objects out of stone, shell, and metal.

Indus Civilization:

• It is also known as the Harappan Civilization.
• Time period: 2300 and 1750 BCE
• The main occupations of the people were agriculture and the domestication of animals.
• Trade was of the barter type.
• Bronze and copper vessels are outstanding examples of the Harappan metal craft.
• Town planning: 
  • Grid system: Roads were wide and cut each other at a right angle, houses were built in a systematic manner.
  • Use of burnt bricks
  • Every house had its own courtyard and bathroom.
  • Underground drainage system (connecting all houses to the street drains)

Additional Information

The correct answer is Dabla massacre.

Key Points

• Dabda massacre-
  • Dabla massacre happened in Nagore on 13 March 1947 AD.
  • Ramuram, Chunnilal, Rundharam, Dhannaram, and Nandram were martyred in this event.
  • It was the last incident related to the peasant movement in Rajasthan.

Additional Information

• Bijoliya peasant movement's associated persons - Nanji Patel, Thakri Patel, Prem Ji Bhil, Shri Manna Patel, etc.
• Bengu peasant movement's associated persons - Rupa Ji and Kripa Ji Dhakad.

• Kangda massacre happened in 1946 AD.
  • It was led by Magharam Vaidh.
  • In this event, almost 35 farmers were beaten up.
  • It was the last peasant movement incident of the Bikaner area.

The correct answer is Karam Shah.

Key Points

• The Pagal Panth was a religious order founded by Karim Shah in the Mymensingh and Sherpur districts of Bengal.
• The philosophy of this Panth was to follow religious harmony and non-violence incorporating tenets of Sufism, Hinduism, and animism.
• Under Karim Shah’s son Tipu Shah, the order revolted against the British government by organizing peasant rebellions. They were against the oppressive tax regime of the British.
• Tipu Shah captured Sherpur in 1825 and ruled over the Sherpur and Mymensingh areas till the 1850s.

Additional Information

• Swami Sahajanand Saraswati was a brilliant intellectual and a striking master of debate. He was a versatile genius performing several roles during his entire working career, such as linguist, polymath, sociologist, historian, philosopher, writer, grammarian, ascetic, revolutionary, Marxist, and politician.
  • Swami Sahajanand formed a smaller Kisan Sabha in the Patna district in association with a formal organizational structure.
  • Later in 1929, he established the Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha (BPKS).
• Bulleh Shah was a Punjabi Muslim Sufi poet, a humanist, and philosopher.
  • His real name was Abdullah Shah.
  • His poetry highlights his mystical spiritual voyage through the four stages of Sufism: Shariat (Path), Tariqat (Observance), Haqiqat (Truth), and Marfat (Union).

The correct answer is (A) - (2), (B) - (4), (C) - (1), (D) - (3).

Key Points

• Prathana Samaj was founded by Atmaram Pandurang in Bombay in 1867.
• Servants of Indian Society was founded by Gopal Krishna Gokhale in 1905.
• Bombay Presidency Association was founded by Pheroz Shah Mehta in 1885.
• Theosophical Society was founded by Madam Blavatsky in 1875.

Additional Information 

Pherozeshah Mehta

• Pherozeshah Mehta is also known as the 'Father of Municipal Government in India'.
• He was one of the founding members of the Indian National Congress.
• He was the president of the Calcutta Session of INC in 1890.
• Mehta was appointed as Vice-Chancellor of Bombay University in 1910.
• He founded the Bombay Presidency Association in 1885.
• He helped found the Central Bank of India, financed and controlled by Indian interests in 1911.

Atmaram Pandurang

• Prathana Samaj was founded by Atmaram Pandurang in Bombay in 1867.
• He was one of the two Indian co-founders of the Bombay Natural History Society.
• Atmaram Pandurang served briefly as sheriff of Bombay in 1879.

Gopala Krishna Gokhale

• Gopala Krishna Gokhale is popularly known as the 'Socrates of Maharashtra'.
• He is the founder of 'Servants of Indian Society' in 1905.
• The political Guru of Gokhale was M. G. Ranade.
• He was the President of the Benarus Session of INC in 1905.
• Gandhiji regarded him as the Political Guru.
• Tilak called Gokhale the 'Diamond of India'.

Madame Blavatsky

• Helena Petrovna Blavatsky often known as Madame Blavatsky
• Madame Blavatsky was a Russian philosopher.
• She gained an international following as the leading theoretician of Theosophy.
• Theosophical Society was co-founded by Madam Blavatsky in 1875.