Question Discussion & Solution

It was excavated by V.N. Misra in 1938-40 AD is not correct.

• Raid civilization: District - Tonk
  • It is situated on the bank of the Dheel river.
  • It was excavated by Kaidar Nath Puri in 1938-40 AD. 
  • It was an iron age civilization.
  • Gajmukhi Yaksha and Matradevi statues were also found there.
  • Asia's largest coin store was also found there.
  • It is also known as ancient India's Tatanagar.

Key Points

Additional Information

• V.N Misra:
  • In the year 1977, Misra founded a dedicated society for pre-historic studies.
  • He also started an international research journal, Man and Environment.
  • He was also awarded the prestigious VS Wakankar Award by the Madhya Pradesh State Government for his contribution to pre-history.
  • He excavated important archaeological sites such as Bhimbetka (a World Heritage site) and Balathal, among others.

The correct answer is 1 and 2 only.

• The Hindu Widow Remarriage Act came into force on 16th July 1856 which legalize the marriage of a widow.
• The act was enacted on July 26th, 1856.
• The main personality who fought for Widow Remarriage was Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar and Veerasalingam Pantulu.
• The first Governor-General of India Lord William Bentick had also abolished Sati Custom.
• The Hindu Remarriage Act 1856 or Act XV, 1856 not only provide protection but also aimed at safeguarding the condition of men who married widows.
• It was one of the most important social reforms towards the empowerment of women.
• The Act was passed by Lord Canning and was drafted by Lord Dalhousie.
• The act was popular among both rich and poor classes in the history of India.

Image of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar:

Image of Veersalingam Pantulu:

The correct answer is Rajasthan Kesari.

• Rajasthan Kesari:
  • Vijay Singh Pathik was the editor of this newspaper.
  • It started its publishing in 1920.
  • It played an important role in the peasant movement in Bijoliya.
  • Shri Jamnalal Bajaj provided financial assistance to this newspaper.
• Vijay Singh Pathik:
  • Famously known as Rashtriya Pathik.
  • He was an Indian revolutionary and freedom fighter.

Additional Information

• Rajputana Gazette:
  • Maulvi Murad Ali, also known as ‘Bimar’, published this newspaper in 1885. 
• Rajasthan Samachar:
  • Shri Munshi edited this newspaper. 

The correct answer is 1820 - 1827 A. D.

Key Points

• Major general Sir Thomas Munro was a Scottish soldier who was appointed the governor of Madras in 1820.
• He served till his death from cholera in 1827.
• He also served as an army officer in the East India Company.

Important Points

• He is behind the drafting of education policy for the Madras Presidency and the introduction of the Ryotwari system in Southern India. Ryotwari system was a system introduced by him to collect land revenue.
• According to this, peasants were the owner of the land and they had all the rights to sell or mortgage the land.
• The tax rate for dry land was 50% and wetland was 60% and if they failed to pay these taxes they were convicted by the government.
• The reason for introducing this system was to eliminate the role of middlemen as was in the zamindari system but it came up with the problem of moneylenders as they further burdened the peasants with their high-interest rates. 

The Correct answer is 1859 July 26.

Key Points

•  On July 26 of 1859, Travancore witnessed the first major triumph of the nationwide struggle for female liberation.
• On that day, Travancore Maharaja Aayilyam Thirunal made an official declaration granting lower caste Nadar/Channar women the right to cover their breasts.
• The victory of the Channar Lahala or the Upper Cloth Mutiny (Maaru Marakkal Samaram), after half-a-century of violent struggle, is widely seen as the transformative event that triggered a wave of renaissance movements that shaped modern Kerala.

​Additional Information

• Channar Revolt:
  • The Channar revolt against the British colonial state of Travancore. Channar Lahala or Mura Murakkal Saharam took place in the early 1800s in Travancore, modern day Kerala.
  • It is considered as one of the most important feminine protests in kerala.
  • In nineteenth-century Travancore, it was a socially acceptable norm for women to be seen naked from waist up in public places. Higher caste women like the Nairs (Savarna) were expected to bare their upper bodies only in temples in front of priests, who were considered an authority of god.
  • If any woman disagreed with the practise, they were obliged to pay a ‘breast tax’ or Mula Karam whose amount was determined, quite sickeningly, by the size of their breast
  • Nangeli was the female leader who fought against this practice.
  • She protested against this customs by cutting her own breasts and died in 1803.
  • Kerala historians depicted that Nangeli's life was one woman’s rebellion against oppressive feudalism has been hijacked and repurposed by the patriarchy.
  • Ayya Vaikundar ,a social reformer, led this Channar revolt against the British colonial state of Travancore.