Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Bombay.

Key Points

• The Indian National Congress (INC) was founded by Allan Octavian Hume on 28th December 1885.
• The first session of INC was held in Bombay at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit Collegeram.
• The first President of the INC session held in Bombay was Womesh Chandra Banerjee.
• 72 delegates attended the session.
• The important leaders during the foundation of INC were Dadabhai Naoroji, Badruddin Tyyabji, Anand Mohan Bose, R.C Dutt, Pherozshah Mehta, G.K Gokhale, G. Subramaniyam Aiyyar, Dinshaw Vacha, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Mahadev Govind Ranade, Madan Mohan Malviya, etc.
• Formerly Indian National Congress was known as Indian National Union.
• The INC was formed during the tenure of Lord Dufferin (Viceroy of India from 1884-1888).

The correct answer is Mansingh I.

Key Points

• Mansingh I-
  • He was the son of Bhagwant Das.
  • His first coronation took place in Patna, while his second coronation took place in Amber.
  • He was one of the Navaratnas of Akbar.
  • He played a major role in suppressing the Afghan rebellion in Bengal, Odisha, and Bihar.
  • The Mughal emperor Akbar gave him the titles of Farzand and Raja.
  • He also received seven thousand mansabdari from Akbar.
  • He first went for the Ranthambore campaign with Akbar in 1569 AD.
  • He was the chief commander of Akbar in the battle of Haldighati.

Additional Information

• Mirza Jai Singh-
  • He gave services to three Mugal Kings (Jahangir, Saha Jahan, and Aurangzeb).
  • In the Battle of Dharmat​ (1658 AD), he gave company to Darashikoah against Aurangzeb.
  • In 1665 AD, he signed a Treaty with Shivaji, which is known as Purandar Treaty.
  • Shahjahan gave him the Mirza King title during the Gandhar campaign.
• Bharmal-
  • He first met Akbar in 1556 AD with the help of Majnu Khan.
  • He accepted Akbar's humility with the help of Changtai Khan in 1562 AD.
  • He was the first Kachwaha ruler who established matrimonial relations with the Mughals.
• Bhagwant Das-
  • Akabar gave him five thousand Mansabdari due to his bravery.
  • He was the leader of the third delegation, which was sent to convince Rana Pratap
  • His daughter Manbai was married to Jahangir.

The correct answer is Chauri-Chaura.

Key Points

• Mahatma Gandhi had called Non-Cooperation Movement his ‘Himalayan Blunder' after the incident of Chauri Chaura.
• Chauri-Chaura:
  • Chauri Chaura is a town in the Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh.
  • On 4th February 1922, this town witnessed a violent incident. A large crowd of peasants set on fire a police station that killed 22 policemen.
  • Due to this incident, Mahatma Gandhi called off the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22).
  • It involved the use of swadeshi and boycott of foreign goods, especially machine-made cloth, and legal, educational, and administrative institutions, "refusing to assist a ruler who misrules".

Additional Information

• Events and their respective years:-
  • ​Chauri-Chaura -  4th February, 1922. 
  • Kheda Satyagraha - 11th March 1918.
  • Nagpur Satyagraha - 1923.
  • Rajkot Satyagraha - 7th March 1939.

The correct answer is Abdul Gaffar Khan.

Key Points

• George Yule became the president of INC in 1888 (Allahabad).
• He was the founder of George Yule and Co.
• Alfred Webb became the president of INC in 1894 at the Madras session.
• Nawab Syed Mohammed became the president of INC in 1913 (Karachi).

Additional Information

• In 1885, WC Bannerjee became the first president of INC at the Bombay session.
• In 1886, Dadabhai Naroji became the second president of INC at the Calcutta session.
• In 1887, Badruddin Taiyabji became the third president of INC and also became the first Muslim president of INC at Madras Session.

The correct answer is Kushans.

• Kushans were the first kings to issue the largest hoards of gold coins in India.

Key Points

• Kushanas Coins:
  • Kushanas issued mostly gold coins and numerous copper coins which have been found in most parts of North India up to Bihar.
  • The Gold Dinara's or Suvarnas were based on the Roman denarius and were of 124 grains (8.04 grams).
    • Double and quarter Dinaras were also issued. The copper coins were large, from 26 to 28 Masas or 240 to 260 grains (15.55 to 16.85) grams.
  • The coins of Vima Kadphises bear the figure of Siva standing beside a bull.
  • In the legend on these coins, the king calls himself Maheshwara, i.e. devotee of Siva.
    • Kanishka, Huvishka and Vasudeva etc. all have this depiction on their coins.
  • Many Indian gods and goddesses are depicted on Kushana coins besides many Persian and Greek deities.

Additional Information

• Indo-Greek Coins:
  • The Indo-Greek coins show beautiful artistic features them.
  • The portrait or bust of the king on the obverse side appears to be real portraits. On the reverse, some deity is depicted.
  • We know that more than forty Indo-Greek rulers ruled in a small north-western region of India from these coins.
• Pre Guptan and Guptan Coins:
  • Gupta kings issued the most number of Gold coins.
  • The Satavahanas issued coins of lead and potin (base silver).
  • Satavahanas’ copper coins with the Ujjain symbol bearing a ship were abundant in Avanti.
  • The gold coins of the Guptas (Dinara) originally approximated to the Kushana standard, but in the middle of the 5th century rose in weight to 144 grains, thus returning to the Indian standard of the copper Karsapana.

Mistake Points

• Gupta kings issued the most number of Gold coins whereas Kushans were the first kings to issue the largest hoards of gold coins in India.

Solution Source - https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/lehs102.pdf (Pg No. 44)