Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is The partition of Bengal done by Lord Curzon.

Key Points

• The immediate cause for the launch of the Swadeshi Movement was the partition of Bengal done by Lord Curzon.
• Swadeshi Movement
  • This was a comprehensive movement that lasted 6 years.
  • Although this was regarded as a cultural movement celebrating the rich harvest of history, the rich traditions like folk music, paintings, the culture of Bengal were highlighted.
  • But very soon, it got integrated with the political upheavals that followed after the partition of Bengal. Krishna Kumar Mitra, in his newspaper, ‘Sanjivani’ highlighted the prospects of national education and ‘Economic Swadeshi’.
  • Very soon, this movement started gaining momentum with the help of the entire Bengali middle-class intelligentsia.
  • After the partition of Bengal, the Swadeshi movement got a big boost, because of the integration of the boycott movement with the Swadeshi movement.
  • Tilak called this movement “Bahishkar Yoga“ and most of the Bengali intelligentsia that was initially not in favor of the boycott movement got integrated with the Swadeshi movement.
  • This was primary learning for the national movement.
  • According to Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Lala Lajpat Rai, it was training in ‘self-determination’, ‘self-help’, and ‘self-reliance’.

Additional Information

• Lord Curzon
  • Curzon came up with the idea to suppress the rising tide of nationalism.
  • With the publication of the book, ‘Indian Musalman’, by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, and with his active alliance, the attitude of the British towards Muslims changed significantly.
  • Thus Curzon wanted to ensure that the minority consciousness should be used against the majority and that this would then break the solidarity of Indian society, and in turn, break the solidarity of the Indian National Movement as well.
  • Thus, his active agenda was to create a feeling of minority consciousness.
  • The ‘Partition of Bengal’ was at the core of his policies.
  • The population of Bengal was balanced - where Hindus and Muslims were numerically almost equal.
  • Their consciousness was that of a Bengali consciousness and not at all a religious contradiction between Hindus and Muslims, and the Bengali intelligentsia was primarily responsible for the spread of nationalism in different parts of India.

The correct answer is Mehrgarh

• Mehrgarh is a neolithic site located near the Bolan pass on the Kacchi Plain of Balochistan, Pakistan, to the west of the Indus River Valley.
• It is the earliest known neolithic site in the Northwest Indian sub-continent, with early evidence of farming (wheat and barley), herding (cattle, sheep, and goats), and metallurgy.
• The oldest known example of the wax-lost techniques comes from a 6000-year-old wheel-shaped copper amulet found at Mehrgarh.

Additional Information 

The correct answer is Tarun Rajasthan.

• After the closure of the newspaper named 'Naveen Rajasthan', it was published again as Tarun Rajasthan.

Key Points

• Tarun Rajasthan
  • After the establishment of Rajasthan Seva sangha in 1922, a newspaper named Naveen Rajasthan was started by it.
  • It used to run many mass movements.
  • The bijolia movement gained much importance due to this.
  • Due to this was banned in Mewar and also the arrival of Pathik in Mewar.
  • After the closure of the newspaper named 'Naveen Rajasthan', it was published again as Tarun Rajasthan.
  • It was started under the editorship of Ramnarayan Chaudhary and Shobhalal Gupt.

Additional Information

• Press development in Rajasthan​
  • First, the Christian missionaries in Rajasthan established the 'Litho Press' at Beawar in 1864 AD.
  • In Rajasthan, the first 'Marwar Gazette' was published from Jodhpur in August 1866.
  • Maharana Sajjan Singh in Udaipur published Sajjan Kirti Sudhakar (Government Gazette) in 1879 AD. This was the first fortnightly paper.
  • Maulvi Murad Ali first started publishing 'Rajputana Gazette' from Ajmer in 1882.
  • In 1882 Munshi Munnalal Sharma started the publication of 'Deshitaishi' monthly newspaper.
  • Hanuman Singh 'Rajputana Herald' in 1885 AD.
  • In 1927, Haribhau Upadhyaya published 'Tyag Bhoomi' for the purpose of propagating Gandhian ideology.
  • Other important newspaper
    • Prabhat - 1932
    • Navjyoti - 1936  by Capt. Durgaprasad Chaudhary
    • Jaipur News - 1935
    • Navajivan - Kanak Madhukar from Ajmer in 1939 AD
    • Lokvani - Devishankar Tiwari in 1943 AD

The correct answer is Lala Hansraj.

Key Points

• Anglo Vedic college or schools are also known as Dayanand Anglo Vedic schools.
• Dayanand Anglo Vedic (DAV) Schools were founded in 1886 at Lahore by the efforts of Mahatma Hansraj.

Confusion Points

• It was not founded by Swamy Dayanand Saraswati
• In the name and memory of Swami Dayanand Saraswati, Lala Hans Raj established it.
• The schools were run by the Dayanand Anglo-Vedic College Trust & Management Society, also known as the Dayanand Anglo-Vedic Education Society.
• DAV institutions are the best place to study and work together.
• Under the DAV family, there are 900 schools, 75 colleges, and a university.
• “DAV Movement” founded in 1886 by Lala Lajpat Rai(Father of DAV Movement) picked up momentum due to the arduous efforts of Mahatma Hans Raj, Pandit Gurudutt Vidyarthi and may other dedicated as the Arya Samaj activist. 

The correct answer is Vidhisha.

• Coin of the Kushan Empire was found in Vidisha.

Key Points

• It was the Kushan emperor, Vima Kadphises who introduced the first gold coin in India.
  • Kujula Kadphises established the Kushan dynasty in 78AD.
  • Vima Kadphises, grandson of Kujula Kadphises made Kushan a paramount empire.
  • Vidhisha was known as Besnagar in ancient history.
  • The ruins of Vidisha were discovered by Alexander Cunningham in 1874-1875.

Additional Information

• Jabalpur is one of the most important cities of Madhya Pradesh.
  • Historically, it was a center of the Kalachuri and Rajgond dynasties.
  • The city developed a syncretic culture influenced by intermittent Mughal and Maratha reigns.
  • Gun Carriage Factory is situated in Jabalpur. Indigenously developed Dhanush artillery/Howitzer system is developed in Jabalpur.
  • Ordinance Factory and Vehicle factory is also situated in Jabalpur.
• Shahdol district was named after one Shahdolwa Ahir of Sohagpur village.
  • Shahdol is a district of Madhya Pradesh.
  • It became a division on 15^th August 2003.
  • The old name of Shahdol was Matsya Raj or Virat in the name of great king Maharaja Virat of Baghel dynasty, Rewa.
  • Minerals found in the district are coal, fire clay, ochers, and marble.
  • District Shahdol is the only uranium producer in Madhya Pradesh state.
• Harda is a district place in Madhya Pradesh.
  • It was declared a district in 1998.
  • Harda has a history connected with Mughal, Peshwa, and Scindia dynasties.