Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is 2, 4, 1, 3.

Key Points

Additional Information

• Most of the peasant movements were the outcome of social reform movements and were initially spontaneous.
• The caste panchayats played an important role in these movements. 

The correct answer is Franciso de Almeida.

Key Points

• Franciso de Almeida introduced the Blue water policy (Cartaze System).
• “Blue Water” policy was to be powerful at the sea instead of building forts on Indian land.
• Hence the correct answer is Franciso de Almeida.

Additional Information 

• Portuguese power in India
  • In 1505 AD, Francisco de Almeida was appointed as the first Portuguese governor in India.
  • His policy being centric on controlling the Indian Ocean was known as the Blue Water Policy.
  • Alfonso de Albuquerque who replaced Almeida as the governor in 1509 AD, and captured Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur in 1510 AD is considered the real founder of the Portuguese power in India.
  • Goa subsequently became the headquarters of the Portuguese settlements in India.
  • Portuguese hold over the coastal areas and superiority in naval power helped them significantly.
  • By the end of the 16th century, the Portuguese captured not only Goa, Daman, Diu, and Salsette along the Indian coast.

The correct answer is Swadeshi Movement.

Key Points

• Swadeshi Movement started after the partition of Bengal.
• Swadeshi Movement:
  • Swadeshi movement was one of the most successful movements of the Pre-Gandhian era.
  • The movement finds itself in the backdrop of the mendicant policies of the early nationalist leaders who resisted the Un-British-like rule in India but believed in the English monarchy.
  • The major cause of the Swadeshi movement can be attributed to the partition of Bengal in 1905 which was seen by the Indian nationalist as a divisionary tactic of Britishers to weaken the Bengali (Bhadralok) intelligentsia class which was seen as a cradle of Indian resistance.

Additional Information

• Events and their occurrence years:
  • Civil Disobedience Movement - March 12, 1930.
  • Swadeshi Movement - 1905.
  • Quit India Movement - August 1942.
  • Non-Cooperation Movement - 1 August 1920.

The correct answer is Mahavamsa

• History of Buddhist Snaga which is a part of Mahavamsa contains text about Ashoka.
• Mahavamsa is written in the form of poem, which is divided into 4 parts. 

Ashoka:

• Ashoka is referred as Buddhsakya in Maski Inscription and Dharmakosa in his Sarnath Inscription.
• He was known as Devampiya i.e. beloved oof Goda, and as Piyadassi i.e. of pleasing appearance.
• Ashoka believed in the policy of Dhamma.
• Ashoka's visit to Lumbini and exemption of Lumbini from tax was mentioned in Rumminidei Pillar Inscription.
• The Kandhar Inscription speaks about the success of his policy with the hunters and fishermen.
• Nigalisagar Pillar Inscription: It mentions that Ashoka increased the height of the stupa of Buddha Konakamana to its double size.

• A sculpture of a chariot of Harappa times was found at Daimabad, Maharashtra.
• Daimabad is an archaeological site that was discovered in 1958.
• The excavations were conducted between 1976-79 here.
• Lothal is an ancient Indus site situated in Gujarat.
• Banawali is an ancient Harappan site situated on the dry river bed of Saraswati.
• Kalibangan, which means black bangles, is an ancient Indus site situated in Rajasthan.